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Functional Groups Flashcards

1
Q

Organic compounds are characterized by the presence of a certain arrangement of atomes called

A

Functional group

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2
Q

Organic compounds are classified into:

A
  • aliphatic

- aromatic

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3
Q

Contains only C-C single binds besides the C-H bonds

A

Alkanes and cycloalkanes

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4
Q

IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes

A

(Substituents) + root +-ane

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5
Q

Alkanes are in the liquid state due to

A

Van der waap’s attractive force

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6
Q

It decreases the surface are of alkanes

A

Branching

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7
Q

Decrease surface area of alkanes results to

A

Lesser van der waal’s

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8
Q

Alkanes are insoluble in

A

Water

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9
Q

Alkanes do not react with bases nor with acids because

A
  • it has no H atom attached to an EN atom like O2

- does not have an electron pair for donation

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10
Q

Contain at least one C-C double bond

A

Alkenes

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11
Q

IUPAC nomenclature of alkenes

A

(substituents) +root +-ene

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12
Q

Alkenes possessing larger dipole moments have ________ BP than the power on zero dipole moment isomer

A

Relatively higher boiling point

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13
Q

Alkenes are soluble in

A

Nonpolar solvents

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14
Q

Alkenes are insoluble in

A

Polar solvents

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15
Q

The reactions of alkenes are mainly centered on the pi bind which is a site of high electron density. They are considered as:

A

Nucleophiles (seeking a positively-charged center, symbolized as Nu-)

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16
Q

The attacking reagents of alkenes are considered as

A

Electrophiles ( seeking negatively charged center, symbolized as E+)

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17
Q

One of most common reactions af alkenes

A

Catalytic hydrogenation

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18
Q

States that the hydrogen of an attacking E+ will add to the alkene carbon containing the greater number of H substituents

A

Markovnikov’s rule

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19
Q

It contain at least one C-C triple bond

A

Alkynes

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20
Q

IUPAC Nomenclature of alkynes

A

(substituents) +root +-yne

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21
Q

Cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons which are specially stabilized and react by substitution instead of addition

A

Aromatic hydrocarbons

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22
Q

Hückel’s rule

A
  • planar
  • conjugated
  • monocyclic
  • 4n+2 n=0,1,2,3
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23
Q

Position of substituents of aromatic hydrocarbons relative to the parent functional group are indicated by prefix _________ for adjacent C atoms on the ring

A

Ortho

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24
Q

Position of substituents of aromatic hydrocarbons relative to the parent functional group are indicated by prefix ________ for groups separated by one C atom

A

Meta

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25
Position of substituents of aromatic hydrocarbons relative to the parent functional group are indicated by prefix _________ for groups on C atoms directly opposite each other
Para
26
Halogenated derivatives of alkanes
Alkyl halides
27
General formula of alkyl halied
CnH2n+1X
28
Alkyl halides are usually prepared by
Halogenation of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
29
Alkyl halides have _____ boiling point than alkanes
Higher
30
Alkyl halides have higher BP than alkanes due to
Larger molecular weight | Stringer dipole-dipole interactions
31
Hydrocarbon compounds with atleast ine of its hydrogens replaced by a hydroxyl group, and phenyl rings with a hydroxyl substituent
Alcohols and phenols
32
IUPAC nomenclature of alcohols and phenols
(Substituents) + parent chain + -ol
33
Alcohols have relatively higher boiling point than corresponding hydrocarbons because
They are involved in intermolecular H-bonding
34
Alcohols are more acidic than
Terminal alkynes
35
Alcohols are less acidic than
Water
36
_____ are much more acidic than alcohols and more acidic than water
Phenols
37
EEG of ortho and para enhances
Acidity of phenols
38
Most reactions of alcohols consist of their conversions into
Aldehydes
39
Carboxylic acids are derived from
Primary OH
40
Ketones are derived from
Secondary OH
41
RCHO
Aldehydes
42
RCOOH
Carboxylic acids
43
RCOR
Ketones
44
Contain 2 hydrocarbon groups attached to a central oxygen atom
Ethers
45
ROR
Ethers
46
IUPAC nomenclature of Ether
(Substituents)+-oxy+ parent chain
47
Ethers contain polar C-O bonds therefore more polar than
Alkanes
48
Ethers have higher boiling point than alkanes and alkenes but much lower than alcohols due to
Absence of H-bonding
49
Nitrogen-containing organic compounds that can be considered as alkyl or aryl (aliphatic or aromatic) derivatives of ammonia, NH3
Amines
50
Primary amine charac bu an -NH2 group attached to one alkyl/aryl group
RNH2
51
Secondary amines, charac by an -NH group attached to 2 alkyl/aryl groups
R2NH
52
Tertiary amines, characterized by full substitution of all H atoms by alkyl/aryl groups
R3N
53
What causes amine to have higher boiling point than corresponding alcohols
Possibility of H bonding
54
Amines have lower BP than
OH (stronger H bonds due to more EN O atoms)
55
Amines can act as Lewis bases due to
Lone pair of N
56
A family of compounds whose chemical properties are predominated by the reactivity of the carbonyl moiety, a C atom doubly bonded to an O atom
Carbonyl compounds
57
Organic compounds that are characterized by the formula RCOOH
Aldehydes
58
Aldehydes and ketones have ________ boiling point than corresponding OH since they do not participate in the H bonding with similar molecules
Lower
59
Aldehydes and ketones have higher BP than ethers and alkanes because of
The more polar carbonyl group
60
Organic compounds containing a hydroxyl group attached go a carbonyl RCOOH
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
61
CH3CH2COOH
Propanoic acid (methyl acetic acid)
62
CH3(CH2)4CCOH
Caproic acid
63
CH3(CH2)6CCOH
Caprylic acid
64
CH3(CH2)8CCOH
Capric acid
65
CH3(CH2)10CCOH
Lauric acid
66
CH3(CH2)12CCOH
Myristic acid
67
CH3(CH2)14CCOH
Palmitic acid
68
CH3(CH2)16CCOH
Stearic acid
69
Only carboxylic acid with ________ are soluble in water
Five or fewer
70
Carboxylic acids are soluble because
They can form H bonds with water
71
The presence if EEG on the R substituent enhances the acidity if carboxylic acids because
- Of the dispersion of the electron density | - consequent stabilization od the COO group
72
Carboxylic acid’s reaction with alcohol in the presence of catalyst
Esterification
73
IUPAC nomenclature of ester
-oate
74
The chain to which the carbonyl group belongs
Parent chain, carbon C as C1
75
The other group R’ attached to O is considered as the
Substituent, with O linked C as C1
76
Esters, anhydrides and acyl chlorides do not form
H bonding
77
Why dies amines have high boiling point and melting point
They can firm H-bonds
78
Amides with 5C or less are soluble in water due to
formation of H bonds between solute and solvent

nmat chem (2 decks)

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