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nmat chem > Functional Groups > Flashcards

Functional Groups Flashcards

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1
Q

Organic compounds are characterized by the presence of a certain arrangement of atomes called

A

Functional group

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2
Q

Organic compounds are classified into:

A
  • aliphatic

- aromatic

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3
Q

Contains only C-C single binds besides the C-H bonds

A

Alkanes and cycloalkanes

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4
Q

IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes

A

(Substituents) + root +-ane

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5
Q

Alkanes are in the liquid state due to

A

Van der waap’s attractive force

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6
Q

It decreases the surface are of alkanes

A

Branching

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7
Q

Decrease surface area of alkanes results to

A

Lesser van der waal’s

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8
Q

Alkanes are insoluble in

A

Water

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9
Q

Alkanes do not react with bases nor with acids because

A
  • it has no H atom attached to an EN atom like O2

- does not have an electron pair for donation

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10
Q

Contain at least one C-C double bond

A

Alkenes

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11
Q

IUPAC nomenclature of alkenes

A

(substituents) +root +-ene

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12
Q

Alkenes possessing larger dipole moments have ________ BP than the power on zero dipole moment isomer

A

Relatively higher boiling point

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13
Q

Alkenes are soluble in

A

Nonpolar solvents

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14
Q

Alkenes are insoluble in

A

Polar solvents

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15
Q

The reactions of alkenes are mainly centered on the pi bind which is a site of high electron density. They are considered as:

A

Nucleophiles (seeking a positively-charged center, symbolized as Nu-)

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16
Q

The attacking reagents of alkenes are considered as

A

Electrophiles ( seeking negatively charged center, symbolized as E+)

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17
Q

One of most common reactions af alkenes

A

Catalytic hydrogenation

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18
Q

States that the hydrogen of an attacking E+ will add to the alkene carbon containing the greater number of H substituents

A

Markovnikov’s rule

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19
Q

It contain at least one C-C triple bond

A

Alkynes

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20
Q

IUPAC Nomenclature of alkynes

A

(substituents) +root +-yne

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21
Q

Cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons which are specially stabilized and react by substitution instead of addition

A

Aromatic hydrocarbons

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22
Q

Hückel’s rule

A
  • planar
  • conjugated
  • monocyclic
  • 4n+2 n=0,1,2,3
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23
Q

Position of substituents of aromatic hydrocarbons relative to the parent functional group are indicated by prefix _________ for adjacent C atoms on the ring

A

Ortho

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24
Q

Position of substituents of aromatic hydrocarbons relative to the parent functional group are indicated by prefix ________ for groups separated by one C atom

A

Meta

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25
Q

Position of substituents of aromatic hydrocarbons relative to the parent functional group are indicated by prefix _________ for groups on C atoms directly opposite each other

A

Para

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26
Q

Halogenated derivatives of alkanes

A

Alkyl halides

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27
Q

General formula of alkyl halied

A

CnH2n+1X

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28
Q

Alkyl halides are usually prepared by

A

Halogenation of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes

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29
Q

Alkyl halides have _____ boiling point than alkanes

A

Higher

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30
Q

Alkyl halides have higher BP than alkanes due to

A

Larger molecular weight

Stringer dipole-dipole interactions

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31
Q

Hydrocarbon compounds with atleast ine of its hydrogens replaced by a hydroxyl group, and phenyl rings with a hydroxyl substituent

A

Alcohols and phenols

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32
Q

IUPAC nomenclature of alcohols and phenols

A

(Substituents) + parent chain + -ol

33
Q

Alcohols have relatively higher boiling point than corresponding hydrocarbons because

A

They are involved in intermolecular H-bonding

34
Q

Alcohols are more acidic than

A

Terminal alkynes

35
Q

Alcohols are less acidic than

A

Water

36
Q

_____ are much more acidic than alcohols and more acidic than water

A

Phenols

37
Q

EEG of ortho and para enhances

A

Acidity of phenols

38
Q

Most reactions of alcohols consist of their conversions into

A

Aldehydes

39
Q

Carboxylic acids are derived from

A

Primary OH

40
Q

Ketones are derived from

A

Secondary OH

41
Q

RCHO

A

Aldehydes

42
Q

RCOOH

A

Carboxylic acids

43
Q

RCOR

A

Ketones

44
Q

Contain 2 hydrocarbon groups attached to a central oxygen atom

A

Ethers

45
Q

ROR

A

Ethers

46
Q

IUPAC nomenclature of Ether

A

(Substituents)+-oxy+ parent chain

47
Q

Ethers contain polar C-O bonds therefore more polar than

A

Alkanes

48
Q

Ethers have higher boiling point than alkanes and alkenes but much lower than alcohols due to

A

Absence of H-bonding

49
Q

Nitrogen-containing organic compounds that can be considered as alkyl or aryl (aliphatic or aromatic) derivatives of ammonia, NH3

A

Amines

50
Q

Primary amine charac bu an -NH2 group attached to one alkyl/aryl group

A

RNH2

51
Q

Secondary amines, charac by an -NH group attached to 2 alkyl/aryl groups

A

R2NH

52
Q

Tertiary amines, characterized by full substitution of all H atoms by alkyl/aryl groups

A

R3N

53
Q

What causes amine to have higher boiling point than corresponding alcohols

A

Possibility of H bonding

54
Q

Amines have lower BP than

A

OH (stronger H bonds due to more EN O atoms)

55
Q

Amines can act as Lewis bases due to

A

Lone pair of N

56
Q

A family of compounds whose chemical properties are predominated by the reactivity of the carbonyl moiety, a C atom doubly bonded to an O atom

A

Carbonyl compounds

57
Q

Organic compounds that are characterized by the formula RCOOH

A

Aldehydes

58
Q

Aldehydes and ketones have ________ boiling point than corresponding OH since they do not participate in the H bonding with similar molecules

A

Lower

59
Q

Aldehydes and ketones have higher BP than ethers and alkanes because of

A

The more polar carbonyl group

60
Q

Organic compounds containing a hydroxyl group attached go a carbonyl RCOOH

A

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

61
Q

CH3CH2COOH

A

Propanoic acid (methyl acetic acid)

62
Q

CH3(CH2)4CCOH

A

Caproic acid

63
Q

CH3(CH2)6CCOH

A

Caprylic acid

64
Q

CH3(CH2)8CCOH

A

Capric acid

65
Q

CH3(CH2)10CCOH

A

Lauric acid

66
Q

CH3(CH2)12CCOH

A

Myristic acid

67
Q

CH3(CH2)14CCOH

A

Palmitic acid

68
Q

CH3(CH2)16CCOH

A

Stearic acid

69
Q

Only carboxylic acid with ________ are soluble in water

A

Five or fewer

70
Q

Carboxylic acids are soluble because

A

They can form H bonds with water

71
Q

The presence if EEG on the R substituent enhances the acidity if carboxylic acids because

A
  • Of the dispersion of the electron density

- consequent stabilization od the COO group

72
Q

Carboxylic acid’s reaction with alcohol in the presence of catalyst

A

Esterification

73
Q

IUPAC nomenclature of ester

A

-oate

74
Q

The chain to which the carbonyl group belongs

A

Parent chain, carbon C as C1

75
Q

The other group R’ attached to O is considered as the

A

Substituent, with O linked C as C1

76
Q

Esters, anhydrides and acyl chlorides do not form

A

H bonding

77
Q

Why dies amines have high boiling point and melting point

A

They can firm H-bonds

78
Q

Amides with 5C or less are soluble in water due to

A

formation of H bonds between solute and solvent

nmat chem (2 decks)

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