Organic Chem Flashcards
How many double bonds in saturated fats, MUFAs, and PUFAs? What are food sources for each?
Sat - no double bonds / food = eggs, animal fat, some nuts/seeds
MUFA - 1 double bond / food = omega 9’s (olive, almond, avocado oils & seeds
PUFAs - 2 double bonds / food = omega 3 and 6
What are the 2 essential PUFAs
Linolenic - primarily omega 3’s, EPA and DHA (fatty fish, walnuts, ec)
Linoleic - primarily omega 6’s (veg oils like corn, soybean, sunflower, safflower)
how are fats classified?
Saturation
chain length (short [<6], medium [6-12 C], or long [>13, example are omega 3 and 6]),
structural criteria (triglyceride, diglyceride, monoglycerides)
Omega-6
Names, foods, conversions?
Linoleic - safflower, corn, soybean oils
Arachodonic acid - fish, meat, eggs
Body can convert LA to AA, but inefficient process
Omega 9 - example, foods, essential or nonessential?
Oleic acid
Canola and olive oil, almonds
CAN be made by body vs. omega 3 and 6 are essential
How many amino acids are there? How many are essential? Which are essential?
20, 9 are essential
Think “private Tim hall”
PVT - phenylalanine, valine, tryptophan
TIM - threonine, isoleucine, methionine
HALL - histidine, arginine, leucine, lysine
Arginine is considered “conditionally essential - this means under certain conditions we can’t make enough of this
How many carbons do monosaccharides contain and what are they called?
Names of CHO that have 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbons?
5 (pentose) or 6 (hexose)
3-triose
4- tetrose
Naming of CHOs are based off of?
Number of carbons
Functional group - ketone or aldehyde
OH group on left (“L”) or right (“D”)
*think left is Loser
Protein structure involves 4 different levels, describe each -
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
Primary - Amino acid sequence (polypeptide chain)
Secondary - local folding like alpha-helices or beta-sheets
Tertiary - overall 3D shape
Quaternary - arrangement of many polypeptide chains
Main functions of proteins (2)
Are enzymes that control all reactions that occur in the cell
Form structural materials like hair, skin, bone
Nucleic acids, like RNA and DNA are made of ____. What 4 ____ are DNA and RNA made up of?
Nucleotides
DNA - adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
RNA - adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil
Differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA - nucleotides connected by hydrogen bonds so more stable and look like 2 RNA structures wrapped around each other (double helix)
RNA - “messenger”, nucleotides connected by covalent bonds
What are nucleotides? What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines?
Nucleotides are what make up nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. They have a phosphate round, a pentose (5 C sugar), and a nitrogenous base
Some nucleotides are purines, meaning they have 2 rings, some are pyrimidines, meaning they have 1 ring and are smaller
