Organic Chem Flashcards
Homologous series?
A series of compounds with the same functional group, each successive member differing by CH2.
Functional group?
The part of a compound responsible for a chemical reaction.
Saturated vs unsaturated?
Saturated - contains only single bonds.
Unsaturated - contains double/triple bonds.
6 types of formula?
Molecular, general, empirical, displayed, structural, skeletal.
Name the type of reaction that covalent bonds are broken by.
Homolytic and heterolytic fission.
What is a radical?
Species with an unpaired electron.
Describe homolytic fission.
Each bonding atom receives an electron from the covalent bond, forming two radicals.
Describe heterolytic fission.
One bonding atom takes both electrons from a covalent bond, forming one - ion, whilst the other becomes a + ion.
In heterolytic fission, which atom always takes the electron pair?
More electronegative atom.
What is a structural isomer?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different structure.
What are the 3 types of structural isomerism?
Chain, position, functional group.
In functional group isomerism, what functional group can a ketone be changed to?
Aldehyde (C=O bond moved from middle of chain in ketone to end of chain in aldehyde).
In functional group isomerism, what functional group can an alkene be changed to?
Cycloalkane.
Describe a ketone.
- end in “-one”
- C=O bond in middle of chain
- if chain is 5 or more carbons long, number the ketone.
Describe an aldehyde.
- ends in “-al”
- C=O bond at end of chain.
Describe a carboxylic acid.
- ends in “-oic acid”
- COOH at end of chain.
Describe an amine.
- starts with “amino-“
- NH2 anywhere in the chain.
Describe a nitrile.
- ends in “-nitrile”
- C-N triple bond! at end of chain
- C counts as the first C in the chain.
