Acids Flashcards
Define acid.
A proton (H+) donor.
Define strong acid.
A proton donor which fully dissociates.
Define weak acid.
A proton donor which partially dissociates.
Define base.
A proton (H+) acceptor.
Define alkali.
A water soluble base which releases OH- ions.
Name the 6 acids and their formulae.
Hydrochloric - HCl
Sulphuric - H2SO4
Nitric - HNO3
Phosphoric - H3PO4
Methanoic - HCOOH
Ethanoic - CH3COOH
Name the 4 bases and their formulae.
Sodium hydroxide - NaOH
Sodium oxide - NaO
Sodium carbonate - Na2CO3
Ammonia - NH3
Name the 6 salts (-ates/-ides), the formulae of their negative ions and which acid they are derived from.
Sulphate SO4 2- — H2SO4
Nitrate NO 3- — HNO3
Chloride Cl- — HCl
Phosphate PO4 3- — H3PO4
Methanoate HCOO- — HCOOH
Ethanoate CH3COO- — CH3COOH
Define salt.
The H+ of an acid is replaced by a metal or another positive ion.
State the types of salt equations.
acid + base —> salt + water
acid + carbonate —> salt + water + CO2
acid + ammonia —> salt
What are the ionic formulae of zinc and silver?
Zinc - Zn^2+
Silver - Ag+
How to reduce % uncertainty in a titration?
Increase the titre volume by adjusting concentration in burette or conical flask.
How to decrease % uncertainty in a non-titration practical?
Use more reactants/increase quantity measured.
