Organic Chem Flashcards
How is sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide produced?
Impurities of hydrocarbons
How is acid rain formed?
Acidic gases reacting with air and condensing to form acid rain
What is a functional group?
- atoms or group of atoms in a molecule which determine chemical properties of a compound
What is meant by feedstock?
Solvents, lubricants, polymers and detergents
How do you name polymers?
Poly + ( Alkene name )
Why is crude oil separated?
Because it’s useless unless refined
What are the negatives of carbon footprints?
- difficult to calculate and often impossible so can be inaccurate
What are solutions to reduce the greenhouse effect?
- eat less meat (reduce methane)
- fields for crops rather than animals s
- use less fuel
- use fuel from alternative energy sources
- carbon capture and storage (lock up carbon into sedimentary rocks)
What are ice cores used for?
To measure changes in the earths atmosphere
- thick ice cores show a change in how man y CO2 bubbles are in ice / water
What state are polymers at room temperature?
- solid
What are the bonds between polymers? And what type of structure do they create?
Covalent
Simple molecular structure
How do you draw a regularly repeating polymer unit?
- draw the monomer by breaking double bonds and replace with single bonds
- put regularly repeating unit in brackets
How did volcanos contribute to the earths early atmosphere?
- release gases such as CO2 which were originally stored in the earths core
What are the problems with long chain hydrocarbons?
- difficult to ignite
- burns incompletely so produces soot
What are the gases and their percentages in the atmosphere?
Oxygen - 21%
CO2- 0.037%
Nitrogen - 78%
Argon - 0.9%
What gases were in the earths early atmosphere?
- CO2
- methane
- ammonia (NH3)
- water vapour
What is a saturated compound?
Alkanes
What is an unsaturated compound?
Alkenes
What are the two methods of cracking- with details?
- catalytic cracking using aluminium oxide or by steam cracking
- vapourise long chain hydrocarbon by heating
- vapour either combined with steam or passed over powdered aluminium oxide and it will split
Why is carbon monoxide so hard to detect?
- colourless, oudorless
What is the general formulae for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the general formulae for alkenes?
CnH2n
How is nitrogen dioxide produced in the engine of a car that burns fossil fuels?
- at high temperatures in the engine
- nitrogen reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide
What is the definition of a carbon footprint?
The total amount of carbon dioxide OR OTHER GREENHOUSE GAS emitted over the full life cycle of a product, service or event.
What type of reaction is cracking?
Thermal decomposition
What is the test for Alkenes?
Bromine water
- add bromine water and if alkene, will go orange to colourless
What is polymerisation and why does it work?
- combining two or more alkenes to make a long chain hydrocarbon
- works because double bonds break to connect to adjacent molecules
