Organic chem

Question 1

What are carbon atoms usually bonded to

Answer 1

Other carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, halogens, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur

Question 2

What compounds are not organic compounds (list 3)

Answer 2

Carbonates (CO3), carbides (carbon + metal), oxides of carbon (CO2)

Question 3

Key characteristics of organic compounds

Answer 3

Carbon is the skeleton, can form chains and rings

Question 4

What are hydrocarbons

Answer 4

Organic compounds that have only carbon and hydrogen

Question 5

Alkanes (saturated/not saturated + formula for atoms)

Answer 5

Saturated, no room for other atoms to bond to carbon chain. Formula for number of atoms: CnH2n+2

Question 6

Alkane characteristics

Answer 6

Bonds are in a tetrahedron, H-C-H angles are 109 degrees. The structure is very flexible and atoms can rotate freely

Question 7

Alkenes (saturated/not saturated + formula for atoms)

Answer 7

Unsaturated, double bond is a reactive site for other atoms to bond to carbon atom. Formula for atoms: CnH2n

Question 8

Alkynes general formula

Answer 8

CnH2n-2

Question 9

Other names for branches (2)

Answer 9

Substituent groups, alkyl groups

Question 10

What are isomers

Answer 10

The same combination of atoms assembled in more than one way

Question 11

What are structural isomers

Answer 11

Compounds with the same molecular formulas, but different arrangements of atoms

Question 12

Alkene characteristics

Answer 12

Three atoms connected to each carbon lie flat, arranged in 120 degrees, very rigid

Question 13

Alkyne characteristics

Answer 13

The two atoms attached to the central carbon lie in a straight line, arranged in 180 degrees

Question 14

What are geometric isomers

Answer 14

Alkenes that have the same structure, but the orientation of the groups across the double bond are different

Question 15

Cis isomer

Answer 15

Two groups are on the same side of double bond

Question 16

Trans isomer

Answer 16

Two groups are on the opposite sides of double bond

Question 17

Characteristics of cycloalkanes

Answer 17

If the ring structure is not the longest continuous chain, then the ring is called a cyclo- -yl

Question 18

Characteristics of aromatic rings

Answer 18

Aromantic hydrocarbons are aka benzene (carcinogenic), has 6 atoms in a ring, has the molecular formula C6H6. When benzene is a branch it’s called a phenyl

Question 19

Equivalent lewis structures

Answer 19

Resonance structures, which are very stable

Question 20

What are functional groups

Answer 20

An atom/group/type of bond in organic molecules that react in a predictable manner

Question 20

Alkyl Halides (branches) types (4 elements)

Answer 20

Fluoro, Bromo, Iodo, Chloro

Question 20

Alcohols

Answer 20

The parent chain must contain the atom attached to the OH, the OH group is given a lower number of carbons

Question 20

Aldehydes

Answer 20

Always at the end of chain, suffix = -al

Question 20

Ketone

Answer 20

Common solvents in polymers and drugs, names end with -one

Question 21

Carboxylic Acid

Answer 21

Name ends with -noic

Question 22

Ester

Answer 22

Strong odors (perfumes and flavoring)

Question 23

Amines

Answer 23

An organic molecule containing only single bonds and nitrogen

Question 24

Amide

Answer 24

Plastics, rubber, cosmetics

Question 25

Highest to lowest priority (5)

Answer 25

1. Aldehyde/CA
2. Functional groups (excluding alcohol and halides)
3. Double/triple bonds
4. Alcohol
5. Halides/alkyl

Question 26

Cycloalkanes general formula

Answer 26

CnH2n

Question 27

Cycloalkenes general formula

Answer 27

CnH2n-2