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CHEM > ORGANIC CHEM > Flashcards

ORGANIC CHEM Flashcards

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1
Q

Organic chemistry

A

study of compounds based on carbon atoms that are bonded together

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2
Q

Alkanes

A

saturated hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms
monkeys eat peeled bananas
Cn H2n + 2

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3
Q

Methane

A

CH4
natural gas

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4
Q

What happens as compounds increase in size/no. atoms?

A

inc. in melting/boiling points due to
IMF’s
weight- heavier, so required more energy to change state

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5
Q

What creates IMF’s

A

due to atoms overlapping
attractive force between protons and electrons of different molecules

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6
Q

What is a bond

A

a shared pair of electrons

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7
Q

Alkenes

A

unsaturated hydrocarbon with carbon-carbon double bonds
Cn = H2n

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8
Q

Alkynes

A

triple bonds
Cn = H2n - 2

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9
Q

Homologous series

A

similar structures + chem properties
same general formula
pattern to physical properties

alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, primary amines, esters, ketones

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10
Q

VSEPR theory

A

valence shell electron pair repulsion theory
pairs repel each other so bonds are as far apart as possible
angle = 109.5 degrees

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11
Q

Condensed formula

A

AKA semistructural formula
compound formula indicating connections in structure without showing 3D atom arrangement

eg: CH4CH2CH3NH2

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12
Q

Molecular formula

A

indicate number + type of atoms in each element present in a molecule

eg: C2H6O

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13
Q

Structural formula

A

shows spatial location of atoms relative to one another in a molecule

       H eg:  H-C-H
       H
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14
Q

Isomer

A

molecules with same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms

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15
Q

Naming alkanes

A

number carbon atoms in single longest chain
name alkyl groups and main chain
put no. + position of alkyl groups at beginning of compounds name
if identical side chains, use di/tri
if more than one side chain, list in alphabetical order at start of name, with no. to indicate position

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16
Q

Trans isomer

A

highest priority groups attached to carbons of double bond are on opposite sides of bond plane

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17
Q

Cis isomer

A

highest priority groups attached to double bond carbons are on same side of bond plane

18
Q

cis-trans isomer

A

when 2 dif. groups attached to each carbon in C-C double bond
due to restricted rotation around bond

19
Q

Functional group

A

hydrocarbons that have 1 or more hydrogen atoms replaced by other atoms/groups of atoms
largely determines the molecules properties + reactions

20
Q

Alcohols

A

member of homologous series
contain hydroxyl group
-OH

20
Q

Naming alcohols

A

remove e + add suffix -ol

21
Q

Types of alcohols

A

primary
secondary
tertiary

22
Q

Primary alcohols

A

C bonded to -OH group is only bonded to 1 alkyl group

23
Q

Resonance

A

bonds flipping
invoked when 2+ valid Lewis structures can be written for a particular molecule

24
Q

Aromaticity

A

fully conjugated
fully delocalised pi electrons- planar

25
Q

Benzene

A

stable due to delocalised electrons above + below bonds
used in dyes, lubricants, paint removers, rubber, pharmaceuticals

26
Q

protein

A

long chains of amino acids
polymer

27
Q

amino acids

A

monomers

28
Q

Protein structure types

A

primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary

29
Q

Primary protein structure

A

unique sequence of amino acids
determined by inherited genetic info
one end is N-terminus + other end is C-terminus

30
Q

N-terminus

A

amino acid with a free amino group

31
Q

C-terminus

A

amino acid with a free carboxyl group

32
Q

Secondary protein structure

A

shape of protein
local folding + short distance interactions
can have mix of both
determined by H bonds across amino acid groups

33
Q

protein shape types- secondary protein structure

A

alpha helices
beta pleated sheets

34
Q

Protein tertiary structure

A

3D shape- determines functions
forms globular or fibrous proteins

35
Q

Bonding involved in tertiary protein structure

A

covalent- disulfide bridges
hydrogen
ionic
hydrophobic interactions

36
Q

Quaternary protein structure

A

combination of 2+ tertiary units
stabilised by same interactions found in tertiary structures

37
Q

Quat structure on haemoglobin

A

2 alpha + 2 beta chains
heme group in each subunit picks up oxygen for transport in blood to tissues

38
Q

Types of proteins

A

fibrous
globular

39
Q
A

CHEM (6 decks)

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