EQUILIBRIUM Flashcards
To react, particles must
be orientated correctly
have sufficient energy to overcome activation energy
Open system
Matter and energy exchanged with surroundings
Closed system
Only energy exchanged with surroundings
Forward + reverse reactions equal
Endothermic
energy dif. (triangle) = positive
bond broken
requires energy
Exothermic
energy dif. = negative
bonds form
energy released
Le Chatelier’s principle
if there is a change, system shifts to counteract the change + restore equilibrium
Equilibrium stresses
Temperature
Concentration
Pressure
Temperature
inc favours endothermic
Concentration
inc one side shifts to favour other side
Pressure
inc shifts to side with least moles
Catalysts
provide alternate pathway
allow reactions at lower temp/pressure
lower energy demands
less CO2 produced/. environmental impact
less production cost
Dynamic equilibrium
rate forward = rate of reverse
Inert gas
Acts like catalyst
inc pressure > inc collisions > not cause reactions
