organic chem

Question 1

alkanes stucture

Answer 1

carbon atoms bond to four other atoms (hydrogen or carbon) by single bonds and are saturated.

Question 2

alkenes structure

Answer 2

unsaturated hydrocarbons because they contain a double bond between two of their carbon atoms (C=C).

Question 3

alkanes formula

Answer 3

CnH(2n+2)

Question 4

alkenes formula

Answer 4

CnH2n

Question 5

uses of alkanes

Answer 5

unreactive but burn well - useful fuels

Question 6

uses of alkenes

Answer 6

make plastics (polymers) and can undergo addition reactions to make new compounds.

Question 7

reactions of alkanes

Answer 7

complete combustion when there is sufficient oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
If there is insufficient oxygen toxic carbon monoxide is produced.

Question 8

reactions of alkenes

Answer 8

react with hydrogen to produce alkanes, steam (water) to produce alcohols, halogens to produce halogenoalkanes, and oxygen to burn in combustion.

Question 9

what test shows the presence of an alkane

Answer 9

shaking with bromine water produces an orange solution

Question 10

Which process produces alkenes from alkanes?

Answer 10

cracking

Question 11

examples of polymers

Answer 11

cellulose
polyethene
dna

Question 12

what is the functional group of alcohols?

Answer 12

-OH

Question 13

what is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

Answer 13

-COOH

Question 14

what do alcohols react with?

Answer 14

water
sodium
oxidising agents
air

Question 15

what do carboxylic acids react with?

Answer 15

carbonates
water
alcohols

Question 16

carboxylic acid properties

Answer 16

partially ionise in water
weak acids

Question 17

alcohol properties

Answer 17

evaporate easily
dissolve in water

Question 18

Which organism is required to produce alcohol by fermentation?

Answer 18

yeast

Question 19

Which kind of reaction would occur between ethanoic acid (a carboxylic acid) and sodium hydroxide?

Answer 19

neutralisation

Question 20

What would be the pH of the solution made when an excess of pentanol is reacted with water?

Answer 20

7

Question 21

Describe what happens during the reaction of Lithium(Li) and methanoic acid (a carboxylic acid):

Answer 21

1. Lithium is an alkali metal found in group one of the periodic table.
2. When methanoic acid reacts with lithium the products are a salt and hydrogen gas.
3. The salt produced will be called lithium methanoate.
4. The test for hydrogen gas is a squeaky pop when a lit splint is placed in the test tube.

Question 22

monomers definiton

Answer 22

Monomers are small units which can be joined together to create long chains, called polymers.

Question 23

polymers

Answer 23

Polymers can be natural, like polypeptide chains, or synthetic, like plastics.

Question 24

how are polymers formed

Answer 24

addition reactions
condensation reactions.

Question 25

what are the monomers used in addition polymerisation

Answer 25

alkenes

Question 26

why are alkenes used in addition polymerisation?

Answer 26

the carbon-carbon double bonds in alkenes can open up to allow multiple alkenes to join together.

Question 27

what is condensing polymerisation

Answer 27

the joining together of monomers with 2 functional groups to produce larger polymers, as well as small molecule by-products

Question 28

how is the simplest type of condensing polymer created?

Answer 28

produced by combining 2 monomers that each have 2 identical functional groups.

Question 29

What would be the name of the addition polymer made from propene monomers?

Answer 29

poly(propene)

Question 30

what are proteins made of

Answer 30

amino acids

Question 31

what do amino acids bond together to create?

Answer 31

polypeptides

Question 32

how does a proteins secondary structure occur?

Answer 32

occurs when a primary protein folds into a structure.

Question 33

what is a proteins tertiary structure?

Answer 33

when a single polypeptide has multiple secondary structures.

Question 34

what is a protein’s quaternary structure?

Answer 34

the protein’s overall structure.
It is when multiple tertiary protein structures together form a larger protein.

Question 35

what does DNA do?

Answer 35

encodes (produces) the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of living organisms and viruses

Question 36

DNA structure

Answer 36

made up of two polymer chains arranged in the form of a double helix.

Question 37

What are the names of the bases in DNA?

Answer 37

A+T
G+C

Question 38

What type of polymerisation is poly(propene) produced by?

Answer 38

addition polymerisation

Question 39

What are the main differences between polymerisation by condensation and polymerisation by addition?

Answer 39

1. Polymerisation by addition is completed using one monomer.
2. Polymerisation by addition is completed using an alkene.
3. Polymerisation by condensation is completed using two different monomers.
4. Polymerisation by condensation is completed using an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.
5. The product of polymerisation by addition is only the polyalkene whereas the product of polymerisation by condensation is a polyester and water.

Question 40

What’s the functional group of alkenes?

Answer 40

double carbon bond C=C

Question 41

What type of reaction is cracking?

Answer 41

exothermic

Question 42

What are the types of cracking?

Answer 42

steam
catalystic

Question 43

What’s the formula for the smallest alcohol, methanol?

Answer 43

CH3OH