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chemistry p2 > chemical analysis > Flashcards

chemical analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

test for hydrogen

A
  • squeaky pop test
    1. remove bung and insert a burning splint
    2. if hydrogen present it will pop
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2
Q

test for oxygen

A
  1. glowing splint
  2. place spring in test tube - if it relights oxygen is present
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2
Q

test for carbon dioxide?

A
  1. bubble gas through limewater
  2. repeat several times - if goes cloudy CO2 is present
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3
Q

chemical name for lime water

A

calcium hydroxide

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4
Q

test for chlorine?

A
  1. insert damp litmus paper into mouth of tube
  2. chlorine will bleach the paper and turn it white
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5
Q

how to carry out a flame test?

A
  1. place small amount of chemical onto wire mounted in a handle
  2. hold this over bunsen burner flame
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6
Q

what colour does lithium go when using flame tests?

A

crimson

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7
Q

what colour does sodium go when using flame tests?

A

yellow

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8
Q

what colour does potassium go when using flame tests?

A

lilac

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9
Q

what colour does calcium go when using flame tests?

A

orange-red

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10
Q

what colour does copper go when using flame tests?

A

green

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11
Q

what are the problems with flame tests?

A

colours difficult to distinguish
mixture of metals can mask colour of flame

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12
Q

how is flame emission spectroscopy carried out?

A
  1. sample of metal ion in solution is places in flame
  2. light given out is passed into a machine called spectroscope
  3. light is converted into light spectrum
  4. positions of lines are specific
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13
Q

how can we tell the concentration of an ion using flame emission spectroscopy?

A

the lines become more intense at a higher concentration

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14
Q

example of instrumental method

A

flame emission spectroscopy

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15
Q

advantages of instrumental methods

A
  • rapid
  • sensitive
  • accurate
16
Q

what happens when sodium hydroxide is added to copper (II) ions?

A

blue precipitate

17
Q

what happens when sodium hydroxide is added to iron (II) ions?

A

green precipitate

18
Q

what happens when sodium hydroxide is added to iron (III) ions?

A

brown precipitate

19
Q

how to test for carbonate ion?

A
  1. add dilute acid to sample
  2. acid will react with carbonate to made co2
  3. bubble gas through limewater
20
Q

how to test for hallide ion?

A
  1. add dilute nitric acide to sample
    2 add dilute silver nitrate solution
  2. hallide ions will produce precipitate of silver hallide
21
Q

what colour is chlorine ions precipitate?

A

white

22
Q

what colour is bromine ions precipitate?

A

cream

23
Q

what colour is iodide ions precipitate?

A

yellow

24
Q

how to test for sulfate ions?

A
  1. add dilute hydrochloric acid to sample
  2. add barium chloride solution
  3. if present will see white precipitate

chemistry p2 (31 decks)

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