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organic chem Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the organic in “organic chemistry” mean?

A

that the compound contains carbon

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2
Q

who was the important scientist, that synthesized urea in a lab determining the definition of an organic compound?

A

Wodler - 1828

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3
Q

define, organic compound

A

one or more carbon atoms
-covalently bonded to other atoms

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4
Q

organic compounds do not include

A

-carbon oxides
-carbonates
-cyanides

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5
Q

why is carbon so important?

A

-capable of making four bonds
-covalently bonds with itself
-single, double, or triple bonds
-capable of long chains

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6
Q

hydrocarbon

A

contains only hydrogen and carbon

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7
Q

isomer

A

compounds that have the same molecular compostion/formula, but their structures are different

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8
Q

the smaller the compound (isomers)

A

the fewer the isomers

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9
Q

the larger the molecule (isomers)

A

the more isomers

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10
Q

structural isomers

A

might differ slightly in physical properties due to the arrangement of their bonds
-melting/boiling point
-solubility
-reactivity

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11
Q

IUPAC

A

is the internation union of pure and applied chemistry
-decides names of compounds

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12
Q

“oi”

A

alcohol

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13
Q

“oic acid”

A

carboxyllic acid

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14
Q

“ane”

A

alkane

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15
Q

1

A

meth

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16
Q

meth

A

1

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17
Q

2

A

eth

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18
Q

eth

A

2

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19
Q

3

A

prop

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20
Q

prop

A

3

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21
Q

4

A

but

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22
Q

but

A

4

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23
Q

pent

A

5

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24
Q

5

A

pent

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25
Q

6

A

hex

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26
Q

hex

A

6

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27
Q

7

A

hept

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28
Q

hept

A

7

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29
Q

8

A

oct

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30
Q

oct

A

8

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31
Q

9

A

non

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32
Q

non

A

9

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33
Q

10

A

dec

34
Q

dec

A

10

35
Q

alkane

A

simplest hydrocarbons
-saturated
-no double bonds

36
Q

general formula of alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

37
Q

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

A

a hydrocarbon composed of only carbons and hydrogens

38
Q

aliphatic

A

no benzene rings

39
Q

chemical properties of alkanes

A

-low reactivity

40
Q

physical properties of alkanes

A

nonpolar
-insoluable in water

41
Q

homologous series

A

group of organic compounds with similar chemical and physical properties
-structural
-gradual change

42
Q

Bromide test

A

a way of telling the physical difference between alkane and alkene
-only alkene reacts

43
Q

alkene

A

hydrocarons with one double bond
-unsaturated
prefix-#-ene

44
Q

general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

45
Q

properties of alkenes

A

-greater reactivity (double bond)
-nonpolar, not soluable in water
-boiling and melting points

46
Q

alkynes

A

unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain a triple bond
perfix-#-yne
-linear by triple bond

47
Q

general formula for alkynes

A

CnH2n-2

48
Q

cyclic hydrocarbons

A

-longest chain, name that first and add “cyclo” as prefix

49
Q

is cyclo aromatic?

A

no`

50
Q

aromatic compounds

A

perfect hexagons
-intermediate bond length

51
Q

resonance (benzene)

A

electrons that are a part of the c-c bond are shared equally amongst carbons

52
Q

aromatic compound with attachment 6<

A

-beneze is parent chain

53
Q

aromatic compounds with attachments >6

A

-phenyl group attachment

54
Q

aliphatic vs aromatic

A

aliphatic - straight chained/branched/cyclic

aromatic - one or more conjugated beneze/heterocyclic rings

55
Q

alcohols

A

contain the hydroxyl functiuonal group
-OH

56
Q

properties of alcohols

A

-very polar, due to presence of OH group
-hydrogen bonding
-usually soluable in water (length based)

57
Q

Alkyl Halides

A

hydrocarbon derivative
-contains one or more halogens attached to HC chain
-polar bonding, high melting/boiling points

58
Q

F

A

fluoro

59
Q

Cl

A

chloro

60
Q

Br

A

bromo

61
Q

I

A

iodo

62
Q

carboxylic acids

A

hydrocarbon derivitive
-acidic
-functional group

63
Q

properties of carboxylic acids

A

-extremely polar
-H bonding
-generally soluable in water
-high melting point and boiling point

64
Q

methanoic acid

A

formic acid

65
Q

formic acid

A

methanoic acid

66
Q

ethanoic acid

A

acetic acid

67
Q

acetic acid

A

ethanoic acid

68
Q

the LONGER the chain gets…

A

less soluable
-more fatty

69
Q

the SHORTER the chain gets

A

more soluable
-less fatty

70
Q

meth - but

A

soluable in water

71
Q

longer than pent

A

only slightly soluable

72
Q

ethandioic acid

A

oxalic acid

73
Q

oxalic acid

A

ethandioic acid

74
Q

benzoic acid

A

-benzene attached to single COOH group

75
Q

salicylic acid

A

-beneze attached to COOH group and OH group

76
Q

Esters

A

usually sweet smelly stuff
-COOC

77
Q

hydrocarbons

A

just hydrogen and carbon
-non polar
-LDF only
-only soluable in other nonpolar compounds

78
Q

hydrogen derivatives

A

-started with hydrogen and carbon, then adds more
-nonpolar (oxygen/halogen)
-LDF
-dipole dipole and hydrogen bonding
-more soluable in polar solvents

79
Q

groups with
-LDF
-dipole dipole
-H bonding

A

alcohols and carboxylic acids

80
Q

groups with
-LDF
-dipole dipole

A

Alkyl Halides and Esters

chem 30 (3 decks)

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