Organic Chem 122 Flashcards
Methane is the ____est hydrocarbon
Simplest
A hydrocarbon substituent is called…
An alkyl group
Hydrocarbons are non-polar because…
The electron pair in the carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds is shared equally between the nuclei of the atoms.
The attractions between the non-polar molecules are ____ hydrogen bonding forces.
WEAK
Will hydrocarbons dissolve in water?
No!
What is an alkyl group?
A branch, one or several carbons long off of parent chain
Called organic because…
Compounds are carbon-based.
3 properties of Alkanes
- Single C-C bonds (Saturated)
- Non-polar
- Will not dissolve in water, since water is polar
Parent chain:
Longest chain of C atoms
3 properties of Alkenes
- Double C bonds
- General Formula: CnH2n
- Unsaturated - double bond is a reactive site for other atoms to bond to the carbon atom
Alkynes
- Triple C bonds
- General Formula: CnH2n-2
- Unsatured - triple bond is a reactive site for other atoms to bond to the carbon atom
Structural Isomer
Compounds that have the same molecular formula, but are joined in a different order.
Stereoisomer
Geometric Isomer
Isomers have the same bonds, but with a different spatial arrangement
Geo: ONLY alkenes
-cis, trans different spatial arrangement around a double
bond
CycloalkAnes
A group of carbons attached together in a ring with single c-c bonds
CnH2n
Diene
More than one double bond
The chemical reactions of most organic compounds involve ____ groups
Functional Groups
Functional group
A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions
Substitution Reaction
The reaction of chlorine with ethane to produce ethyl chloride and hydrogen chloride
Product is a hydrogen halide
Aryl halides (Aromatic + Halogen)
A class of organic compounds in which one or more halogen atoms are joined to a carbon of an arene ring
Halocarbons
Have halogens attached to the carbon chain
(ie: F, Cl, Br, I
Alcohols
Polyalcohols
An OH (hydroxyl) is bonded to any of the carbons in a parent chain
The OH branch(es) must have the lowest number(s) possible
Poly: More than one OH
Aldehydes
One of the carbons, on EITHER END of the parent chain, is double bonded to the oxygen (carbonyl)
