Organic Chem Flashcards
0
Q
Why carbon?
A
4 valence e. - can form 4 bonds
- abundant in nature
1
Q
Organic Chem
Old definition
A
The study of molecules that make up life
Ex. DNA, carbs, fatty acids, lipids
2
Q
New definition of organic chemistry
A
The study of carbon containing compounds
3
Q
Types of synthetic organic molecules that we can make in the lab
A
Plastic, nylon, polyester, teflon, TNT
4
Q
Most common elements in organic chem other than CARBON
A
N, S, Cl, Br, I, P, F
5
Q
What types of carbon contain compounds are NOT considered organic
A
CO, CO2, any carbonate salt (___CO3)
6
Q
Prefixes to tell # carbons in molecule
1-10
A
Meth Eth Prop But Pent Hex Hept Oct Non Dec
7
Q
What does suffix depend on
A
The class (types) of organic molecules it is
8
Q
Alkanes
A
- hydrocarbons (contains only C &H)
- suffix “ane”
- highly flammable
9
Q
What or larger are there structural isomers
A
Butane
10
Q
Structural isomers
A
Same chemical formula but different connectivity
11
Q
Side group:
F
A
Fluoro
12
Q
Side group:
Cl
A
Chloro
13
Q
Side group:
Br
A
Bromo
14
Q
Side group:
I
A
Iodo
15
Q
Side group:
NH2
A
Amino
16
Q
Side group:
NO2
A
Nitro
17
Q
Side group:
OH
A
Hydroxy
18
Q
Side group:
/—–\ OH
\___/
A
Phenyl
19
Q
Cycloalkanes
A
Joined in a ring alkanes
20
Q
Nitro
A
NO2
21
Q
Amino
A
NH2
22
Q
Hydroxy
A
OH
23
Q
Alkenes
A
- uses suffix “ene”
- has a double bond between 2 carbons
- when counting main chain:
1) main chain MUST include the carbons with the double bond
2) the double bonded carbons MUST be given the lowest # poss.
24
For Alkenes which one do you have to indicate which carbon
Butene and above
25
Cis
Hydrogen/side group on a double bond are on the same side
- usually better than trans
- less efficient packing, easier to break apart
26
Trans
Hydrogen/side group on opposites
| -more efficient, harder to break down
27
Why is there cis/trans?
Double and triple bonds do NOT have free rotation
28
Alkynes
-use suffix "yne"
- has a carbon - carbon triple bond
- same rules as Alkenes
(except no cis/trans isomers possible)
29
Alcohols
- use the suffix "anol"
- has -OH group attached to the main chain
- the -OH group needs to be the lowest number possible
- carbon attached to the OH has to be in the main chain
30
Primary alcohol
Carbon with OH is attached to 1 other carbon
31
Secondary alcohol
Carbon with OH is attached to 2 other carbon
32
Tertiary alcohol
Carbon with OH is attached to 3 other carbon
33
Benzene
C6H6
Most common non polar solvent
Hexagon shape
34
C6H6
Benzene
35
Carboxylic acids
```
Use "anoic acid"
O
||
- contains }-C - OH In main chain
- the carbon in this functional group is always #1
(dont need -1)
```
36
Aldehydes
```
Suffix "anal"
Fictional group:
O
||
}-C - H
```
- when naming follow reg. rules but like carboxylic acids, functional group is always #1
37
Ketones
```
Suffix "anone"
O
| ||. |
- contains }C-C -C -
|. |
```
- oxygen is double bonded to carbon somewhere in the middle of the carbon chain
- double bonded C to O needs to have lowest possible number
- debate Which carbon is double bonded after pentanone
- carbon w/ double bonded O must be on the main chain
- never -1propanoe just propanoe
38
Esters
- pleasant smelling compounds (perfumes)
```
Fictional group:
O
| ||. |
- contains } C-C -O- C-
|. |
```
Naming format
____yl (prefix for side WITHOUT double bonded O) ____anoate (prefix for the side WITH double bonded oxygen)
39
Ethers
Contains:
| |
- contains } -C-O -C -
|. |
Old naming system:
___oxy (prefix for shorter side)___ane (prefix for larger side)
New naming system:
____yl ___yl
(sides in ABC order)
40
-ane
Alkanes
| Single, normal
41
-ene
Alkenes
| Double bond
42
-yne
Alkynes
| Triple bonds
43
-anol
Alcohols
44
-anoic acid
Carboxylic acid
Carbon with double bonded O and OH
45
-anal
Aldehydes
| Carbon with a double bond O and H
46
-anone
Ketones
| Carbon with double bonded O in mid. Of chain
47
___yl ____anoate
Esters
48
___oxy___ane
Old naming system ethers
49
___yl ____yl ether
New naming system
| Ether
50
Diethyl ether or "ether"
CH3CH2OCH2CH3
Very common organic polar solvent
51
Amides
```
Suffix "anamide"
O
| ||. |
- contains } C-C -N- C-
|. |. |
```
-nitrogen wants 3 bonds
Naming
1) side chains off N first (N-)
2) name main chain with double bonded C
52
Amines
```
| |
- contains } -C-N-C -
|. |. |
Two ways of naming:
Old: N- ___yl - N - ____yl ____anamine
(first 2 blanks ABC order, last is prefix for longest chain)
```
New: ___yl ____yl ____yl amine
(side groups in ABC order)
53
Tertiary amine
N attached to 3 carbon
54
Primary amine
N attached to 1 carbon
55
Secondary amine
N attached to 2 carbon
56
Aromatics
Benzene derivatives
| - max one thing sticking of each carbon
57
Toluene
Benzene ring with one CH3 sticking off of it ONLY
58
1,2 position
Ortho
| o-
59
1,3 position
Meta
m-
60
1,4 position
Para
| p-
61
Ortho
1,2 position
62
Para
1,4 position
63
Meta
1,3 position
64
n-
Indicates straight chain has nothing to do with N
65
Rubbing alcohol
Isopropanol
| Or 2-propanol
66
Esterification
Making esters
Carboxylic acid + alcohol -> ester + water
Carboxylic acid - responsible for side WITH double bonded O
Alcohol responsible for side WITHOUT double bonded O
67
Polypeptide formation
A chain of amino acids linked together
- involves making an amid bond
R= various side groups
