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Chem 11 > Organic Chem > Flashcards

Organic Chem Flashcards

0
Q

Why carbon?

A

4 valence e. - can form 4 bonds

- abundant in nature

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1
Q

Organic Chem

Old definition

A

The study of molecules that make up life

Ex. DNA, carbs, fatty acids, lipids

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2
Q

New definition of organic chemistry

A

The study of carbon containing compounds

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3
Q

Types of synthetic organic molecules that we can make in the lab

A

Plastic, nylon, polyester, teflon, TNT

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4
Q

Most common elements in organic chem other than CARBON

A

N, S, Cl, Br, I, P, F

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5
Q

What types of carbon contain compounds are NOT considered organic

A

CO, CO2, any carbonate salt (___CO3)

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6
Q

Prefixes to tell # carbons in molecule

1-10

A 
Meth
Eth
Prop
But
Pent
Hex
Hept
Oct
Non
Dec
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7
Q

What does suffix depend on

A

The class (types) of organic molecules it is

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8
Q

Alkanes

A
  • hydrocarbons (contains only C &H)
  • suffix “ane”
  • highly flammable
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9
Q

What or larger are there structural isomers

A

Butane

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10
Q

Structural isomers

A

Same chemical formula but different connectivity

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11
Q

Side group:

F

A

Fluoro

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12
Q

Side group:

Cl

A

Chloro

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13
Q

Side group:

Br

A

Bromo

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14
Q

Side group:

I

A

Iodo

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15
Q

Side group:

NH2

A

Amino

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16
Q

Side group:

NO2

A

Nitro

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17
Q

Side group:

OH

A

Hydroxy

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18
Q

Side group:

/—–\ OH
\___/

A

Phenyl

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19
Q

Cycloalkanes

A

Joined in a ring alkanes

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20
Q

Nitro

A

NO2

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21
Q

Amino

A

NH2

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22
Q

Hydroxy

A

OH

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23
Q

Alkenes

A
  • uses suffix “ene”
  • has a double bond between 2 carbons
  • when counting main chain:
    1) main chain MUST include the carbons with the double bond
    2) the double bonded carbons MUST be given the lowest # poss.
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24
Q

For Alkenes which one do you have to indicate which carbon

A

Butene and above

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25
Q

Cis

A

Hydrogen/side group on a double bond are on the same side

  • usually better than trans
    • less efficient packing, easier to break apart
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26
Q

Trans

A

Hydrogen/side group on opposites

-more efficient, harder to break down

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27
Q

Why is there cis/trans?

A

Double and triple bonds do NOT have free rotation

28
Q

Alkynes

A

-use suffix “yne”
- has a carbon - carbon triple bond
- same rules as Alkenes
(except no cis/trans isomers possible)

29
Q

Alcohols

A
  • use the suffix “anol”
  • has -OH group attached to the main chain
  • the -OH group needs to be the lowest number possible
  • carbon attached to the OH has to be in the main chain
30
Q

Primary alcohol

A

Carbon with OH is attached to 1 other carbon

31
Q

Secondary alcohol

A

Carbon with OH is attached to 2 other carbon

32
Q

Tertiary alcohol

A

Carbon with OH is attached to 3 other carbon

33
Q

Benzene

A

C6H6
Most common non polar solvent

Hexagon shape

34
Q

C6H6

35
Q

Carboxylic acids

A 
Use "anoic acid"
                   O
                   ||
- contains }-C - OH      In main chain
- the carbon in this functional group is always #1 
(dont need -1)
36
Q

Aldehydes

A 
Suffix "anal"
Fictional group:
   O
   ||
}-C - H
  • when naming follow reg. rules but like carboxylic acids, functional group is always #1
37
Q

Ketones

A 
Suffix "anone" 
                     O
                  |   ||.  |
- contains }C-C -C -
                   |.      |
  • oxygen is double bonded to carbon somewhere in the middle of the carbon chain
  • double bonded C to O needs to have lowest possible number
  • debate Which carbon is double bonded after pentanone
  • carbon w/ double bonded O must be on the main chain
  • never -1propanoe just propanoe
38
Q

Esters

A
  • pleasant smelling compounds (perfumes)
Fictional group:
                       O
                   |   ||.        |
- contains } C-C -O- C- 
                   |.             |

Naming format
____yl (prefix for side WITHOUT double bonded O) ____anoate (prefix for the side WITH double bonded oxygen)

39
Q

Ethers

A

Contains:
| |
- contains } -C-O -C -
|. |

Old naming system:
___oxy (prefix for shorter side)___ane (prefix for larger side)

New naming system:
____yl ___yl
(sides in ABC order)

40
Q

-ane

A

Alkanes

Single, normal

41
Q

-ene

A

Alkenes

Double bond

42
Q

-yne

A

Alkynes

Triple bonds

43
Q

-anol

44
Q

-anoic acid

A

Carboxylic acid

Carbon with double bonded O and OH

45
Q

-anal

A

Aldehydes

Carbon with a double bond O and H

46
Q

-anone

A

Ketones

Carbon with double bonded O in mid. Of chain

47
Q

___yl ____anoate

48
Q

___oxy___ane

A

Old naming system ethers

49
Q

___yl ____yl ether

A

New naming system

Ether

50
Q

Diethyl ether or “ether”

A

CH3CH2OCH2CH3

Very common organic polar solvent

51
Q

Amides

A 
Suffix "anamide"
                       O
                   |   ||.        |
- contains } C-C -N- C- 
                   |.        |.   |

-nitrogen wants 3 bonds
Naming
1) side chains off N first (N-)
2) name main chain with double bonded C

52
Q

Amines

A 
|        |
- contains } -C-N-C -
                     |.  |.  |
Two ways of naming:
Old: N- \_\_\_yl - N - \_\_\_\_yl \_\_\_\_anamine 
       (first 2 blanks ABC order, last is prefix for longest chain)

New: ___yl ____yl ____yl amine
(side groups in ABC order)

53
Q

Tertiary amine

A

N attached to 3 carbon

54
Q

Primary amine

A

N attached to 1 carbon

55
Q

Secondary amine

A

N attached to 2 carbon

56
Q

Aromatics

A

Benzene derivatives

- max one thing sticking of each carbon

57
Q

Toluene

A

Benzene ring with one CH3 sticking off of it ONLY

58
Q

1,2 position

59
Q

1,3 position

60
Q

1,4 position

61
Q

Ortho

A

1,2 position

62
Q

Para

A

1,4 position

63
Q

Meta

A

1,3 position

64
Q

n-

A

Indicates straight chain has nothing to do with N

65
Q

Rubbing alcohol

A

Isopropanol

Or 2-propanol

66
Q

Esterification

A

Making esters

Carboxylic acid + alcohol -> ester + water

Carboxylic acid - responsible for side WITH double bonded O

Alcohol responsible for side WITHOUT double bonded O

67
Q

Polypeptide formation

A

A chain of amino acids linked together
- involves making an amid bond
R= various side groups

Chem 11 (12 decks)

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