Organic acids and bases Flashcards
What are carboxylic acids
carboxylic acids are weak acids, they aren’t completely ionised, the position of the equilibrium is to the left
What happens when the value is high in Ka but low in pKa?
the further the position of the equilibrium is to the right
the greater the acidity of carboxylic acids
What is the conjugative effect?
is a molecule system of connected p orbitals with delocalised electrons, which decreases the molecules overall energy promoting stability
What is the inductive effect?
is where permanent dipole arises in a molecules with an unequal share of bonding electrons
Describe ethanol and ethanoic acid
Ethanol and ethanoic acid is soluble in water because of its extensive hydrogen bonding in water
Describe phenol
phenol is a very weak acid, it ionises slightly in water to form phenoxide ion phenol is less acidic than ethanoic acid but more acidic than ethanol
What is the functional group of amines and amides?
NH2 & CONH2
What is amines & amides?
are weak bases, the position of the equilibrium is to the left
are weaker bases than amines
Why is phenyl amine weaker than ammonia and alkyl amines?
weaker because of the conjugative effect on the methyl group
What are amino acids?
have the general formula of NH2 and COOH, most reactions undergo amines and carboxylic acids
What is a zwitterion?
is an ion with two charge a positive charge and a negative charge, the charges cancel out each other and the equation becomes neutral
What do amino acids reacts with in terms of alkalis and acids?
cooh reacts with an alkali to form a metal salt
nh2 reactions with acids to form a salt
Why do amino acids acts as buffers?
acts as buffer solutions because they have a weak acid and base within the same molecule
Describe amino acids in terms of solution in water, acid solution & alkali solution
the NH2 & COOH groups are ionised & the solution is electrically neutral
the acid provides hydrogen ion, the coo ion is a proton acceptor, the amino acid is positively charged
the alkali provides oh ions, the coo is negatively charged, the amino acid is negatively charged as well
