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GCSE Chemistry > Organic > Flashcards

Organic Flashcards

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1
Q

alkane general formula

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

alkene general formula

A

CnH2n

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3
Q

Alkane saturated/unsaturated?

A

saturated (single bonds)

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4
Q

Alkene saturated/unsaturated?

A

unsaturated (double bonds)

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5
Q

name some alkanes

A

methane

ethane

propane

butane

pentane

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6
Q

name some alkenes

A

ethene

propene

butene

pentene

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7
Q

alcohol genera formula

A

CnH2n+1OH

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8
Q

alcohol functional group

A

hydroxyl group

-OH

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9
Q

alkene functional group

A

carbon double bond

C=C

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10
Q

alkane functional group

A

carbon single bond

C-C

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11
Q

define homologous series

A

a family of chemicals with the same general formula, similar chemical reactivity and a treend in physical properties

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12
Q

define functional group

A

a part of the molecule that deterines reactivity,

for example alkenes have a C=C functional group

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13
Q

define hydrocarbons

A

molecules that only contain either carbon or hydrogen

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14
Q

define unsaturated

A

a molecule that has a double bond between carbon atoms

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15
Q

define saturated

A

a molecule that has a single bond between carbon atoms

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16
Q

why do properties change between long and short-chain alkanes

A

because as the chain length increases the intermolecular forces increase between molecules so more energ is needed to overcome them.

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17
Q

properties of short-chain alkanes

A

low viscosity

low boiling points

highly flammable

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18
Q

properties of long-chain alkanes

A

high boiling point

very viscous

low flammability

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19
Q

reaction between alcohol annd sodium

A

produces hydroogen

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20
Q

reaction wih alcohol and (strong) oxidising agents

A

produce a carboxylic acid

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21
Q

reaction between alcohol and air (and heat)

A

carbon dioxide and water

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22
Q

complete combustion of methanol

A

2CH3OH (l) + 3O2 (l) —–>

2CO2 (g) + 4H2O (l)

23
Q

reaction between alcohol and water

A

dissolve to produce a neutral solution

24
Q

conditions for fermentation

A

37oC

anaerobic

slightly acidic

25
Q

products of fermentation

A

aqueous solution of carbon dioxide and ethanol

26
Q

reactants of fermentations

A

yeast

sugar solution

27
Q

what reactions are alkenes involved in?

A

addition reactions

28
Q

reaction between oxygen and alkenes

A

incomplete combustion

smoky flame

water

carbon monoxide

carbon

29
Q

reaction between alkenes and hydrogen

A

called hydrogenation

in presence of nickle catalyst

produce alkanes

30
Q

reactions between alkenes and halogens

A

shaken with bromine water turns an orangey-brown solution to colourless

31
Q

ethene and bromine (water)

A

ethene + bromine –> dibromoethane

C2H4 + Br2 —> CH2Br2CH2Br

32
Q

alkenes and water (steam) reaction

A

in presence of phosphoric acid catalyst

produces an alcohol

33
Q

carboxylic acid general formula

A

CnH2n+1COOH

34
Q

properties of carboxylic acids

A

partially ionise in water (weak acids)

35
Q

functional group of carboxylic acids

A

carboxyl group

-COOH

36
Q

name some carboxylic acids

A

methanoic (HCOOH)

ethanoic (CH3COOH)

propanoic (CH3CH2COOH)

butanoic (CH3CH2CH2COOH)

37
Q

carboxylic acids with carbonates

A

produce salt

water

carbon dioxide

38
Q

carboxylic acids with alcohols

A

with acid catalyst

produce water and ester

39
Q

ethanoic acid + ethanol

A

—–> ethyl ethanoate + water

40
Q

carboxylic acid and water

A

dissolve to give slightly acidic solutions

41
Q

addition polymerisation

A

one type of monomer

one product formed (polymer)

42
Q

condensation polymerisation

A

two monomer each with two of the same functional group or one monomer with two different functional groups

two products (polymer and water)

43
Q

amino acids

A

organic compounds that have two different functional groups

Amine group (-NH2)

carboxyl group (-COOH)

44
Q

polymerisation with amino acids

A

condensation polymerisation

produces water and a polypeptide

(polypeptide is produced by peptide links between the two functional groups)

45
Q

formation of proteins

A

when 1 or more polypeptides become associated, they form macromolecules called proteins

46
Q

examples of proteins

A

haemoglobin

enzymes

antibodies

47
Q

name the bases in DNA

A

A (adenine)

T (thymine)

G (guanine)

C (cytosine)

48
Q

structure of dna

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

monomers are called nucelotides

2 polymer chains arranged in a double helix structure

49
Q

dna role

A

encodes genetic information for the development, reproduction and functioning of organisms

50
Q

naturally occuring polymers

A

strach (sugar monomers)

cellulose (sugar monomers)

proteins (amino acid monomers)

51
Q

why is a polymer structure good for dna

A

LONG-CHAIN : allows for large storage of information

STABLE : so that information does not change

52
Q

what properties make hydrocarbons good fuels

A

high volatility (evaporates easily)

low boiling point

flammablility

low viscosity

53
Q

stages of fractional distillation

A

evaporation

condesation

collection

GCSE Chemistry (7 decks)

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