Organic Flashcards
Fraction
A mixture of crude oil with a narrow range of boiling points
Cracking
Breaking down of long chain alkanes into shorter chain alkanes and alkanes.
What are the conditions of cracking?
Alumina or silica catalyst and 600-700°C
Homologous series
Compounds with the same general formula, a trend in physical properties and similar chemical properties
Hydrocarbon
Molecule containing hydrogen and carbon atoms only
Saturated
Only contains single bonds
Unsaturated
Contains double bonds
Structural/displayed formula
Shows all of the covalent bonds in a molecule and how each atom is joined together
Isomerism
Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structural or displayed formula
Straight-chain isomer
All of the carbon atoms are joined in a line.Drawn as a straight chain or zig-zag
Branched-chain isomer
the carbon atoms aren’t joined in one line.Drawn as T,Y or + shaped molecules
Substitution reaction
Alkanes undergo swapping of H atom with halogen atom under UV light
Halogenoalkane
An alkane with one H atom substituted with a halogen atom e.g. bromomethane (CH3Br)
Addition reaction
Algebra can add molecules such as a halogen hydrogen or water across a double bond
Polymer
Long chain molecule with many repeating units,made by joining monomers together
Monomer
Small molecule which can be joined together to form a polymer
Repeat unit
Section of the polymer based on one monomer for addition polymers or one or two monomers for condensation polymers
Addition Polymerisation
Polymer formed by addition of alkenes.Only one product is formed
