Organic Flashcards
Fraction
A mixture of crude oil with a narrow range of boiling points
Cracking
Breaking down of long chain alkanes into shorter chain alkanes and alkanes.
What are the conditions of cracking?
Alumina or silica catalyst and 600-700°C
Homologous series
Compounds with the same general formula, a trend in physical properties and similar chemical properties
Hydrocarbon
Molecule containing hydrogen and carbon atoms only
Saturated
Only contains single bonds
Unsaturated
Contains double bonds
Structural/displayed formula
Shows all of the covalent bonds in a molecule and how each atom is joined together
Isomerism
Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structural or displayed formula
Straight-chain isomer
All of the carbon atoms are joined in a line.Drawn as a straight chain or zig-zag
Branched-chain isomer
the carbon atoms aren’t joined in one line.Drawn as T,Y or + shaped molecules
Substitution reaction
Alkanes undergo swapping of H atom with halogen atom under UV light
Halogenoalkane
An alkane with one H atom substituted with a halogen atom e.g. bromomethane (CH3Br)
Addition reaction
Algebra can add molecules such as a halogen hydrogen or water across a double bond
Polymer
Long chain molecule with many repeating units,made by joining monomers together
