organic Flashcards
Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis
Phthalimide is converted into potassium salt by treating with alc. KOH, then heated with alkyl halide to yield an N-alkylphthalimide which is hydralised to phthalic acid and a primary amine by heating with HCl or KOH.
Gattermann-Koch Sysnthesis
When a mixture of CO and HCl is passed through benzene at 323K in presence of a catalyst consisting of anhydrous AlCl3 and a small amount of CuCl, benzaldehyde is formed.
Gattermann Reaction
In this reaction benzene diazonium chloride is treated with copper powder and a halogen acid to form aryl halides
Hoffman Bromamide reaction
The conversion of a primary amide to a primary amine containing one carbon less than the original on heating with a mixture of Br2 in the presence of NaOH or KOH is called Hoffman Bromamide Reaction
Iodoform Reaction
All compounds containing the group CH3CH2OH, CH3COCH3 when treated with halogen and excess of alkali forms haloforms
Kolbe’s Reaction
Sodium phenoxide react with CO2 under pressure (4-7) atmospheric pressure at 400 K to form sodium salicylate which upon acidification with HCl gives salicyclic acid.
Riemer-Tiemann Reaction
Phenol when reacts with chloroform in presence of aq. sodium or potassium hydroxide followed by hydrolysis produces 2hydroxy-benzaldehyde
Rosenmund Reaction
Catalytic reduction of acid chlorides to the corresponding aldehydes is called Rosenmund Reduction.
Sandmeyer Reaction
Banzene diazonium chloride on treatment with CuCl/HCl, CuBr/HBr or CuCN/KCN produces chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, benzonitrile respectively
Stephen Reaction
Alkyl or aryl cyanide reduces to the corresponding aldehydes with a suspension of anhydrous stannous chloride in ether, saturated with HCl at room temperature followed by hydrolysis
Swarts Reaction
The synthesis of alkyl fluoride is best accomplished by heating an alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of a metallic fluoride such as AgF, Hg2F2, CoF2 or SbF3
Williamson Synthesis
Alkyl Halides react with sodium alkoxide or sodium phenoxide to form ether. This reaction is called Williamson Synthesis.
Wolff-Kishner Reduction
Aldehydes and ketones reduces to their corresponding hydrocarbons on heating them with hydrazine and KOH
Wurtz Reaction
Alkyl halides react with sodium in dry ether to give hydrocarbon containing double the number of carbon atoms present in the halide.
Wurtz-fittig Reaction
A mixture of an alkyl halide and aryl halide gives an alkyl arene when treated with sodium in presence of dry ether.
