Organelles in Table 3.1 Flashcards
Cell Membrane
forms the outer boundary of the cell and determines what enters and exits the cell
Cytoplasm
The living material surrounding the nucleus
Nucleus
often located near the center of the cell and functions as the container of DNA and nucleoli as well as the site of RNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly
Ribosomes
located throughout the cytoplasm and functions as the site of protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
located in the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus with ribosomes attached to it and functions the site of protein synthesis
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)
located in the cytoplasm, outside of the rough ER, and functions as the site of lipid synthesis and participates in detoxification
Golgi Apparatus
located in the cytoplasm, composed of flattened, membranous sacs and resembles a stack of pancakes, and functions as the modifier of protein structure and packages proteins in secretory vesicles
Vesicles
a small, membrane-bound sac that transports or stores materials within cells
Secretory Vesicles
located in the cytoplasm, small sacs that detach from the Golgi and move and attach to the cell membrane, functions as the container of materials produced in the cell and is secreted by exocytosis
Lysosomes
located in the cytoplasm, small vesicles formed by the Golgi, and functions as container for enzymes that digest material taken into the cell (phagocytized material)
Perisomes
located in the cytoplasm, small vesicles containing enzymes, and functions as a decomposition chamber for fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide
Mitchondria
located in the cytoplasm and functions as the site for the production of ATP and carries out aerobic respiration
Fluid Mosaic Model
the arrangement of molecules in the cell membrane in which phospholipids form a double layer of molecules. The polar, phosphate-containing ends of the phosphate lipids are hydrophilic (water-loving) and therefore face the extracellular and intercellular fluids of the cells. The nonpolar, fatty acid ends are hydrophobic and thus face the center of the double layer.
Nucleolus
diffuse bodies with no surrounding membrane that are formed within the nucleus
Cytoskeleton
proteins that support the cell, hold organelles in place, and enable the cell to change shape. Located throughout the cytoplasm.
