Organelles functions & prokaryotic cells & viruses

Question 1

what is a prokaryotic cell and name all the organelles that can be found in them

Answer 1

no nucleus and membrane bound organelles
cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell membrane made out of
(proteins& lipids ) , cell wall, plasmids, free floating DNA, flagellum, capsule made out of secreted slime

Question 2

what is a plasmid

Answer 2

small loops of DNA that are not apart of the main circular DNA molecule, contains genes for antibiotic resistance

Question 3

Through what process does prokaryotic cells replicate

Answer 3

Binary fission

Question 4

Explain the steps for binary fission

Answer 4

1- circular DNA is replicated once , but the plasmids (loop) can be replicated multiple times
2- cell gets bigger and DNA loops move to opposite sides
3- cytoplasm divides
4- 2 daughter cells are produced and each has one copy of the DNA and bae plasmids

Question 5

What is the structure of a virus

Answer 5

Genetic core material (RNA or DNA) , capsid (protein coat), and attachment proteins

Question 6

what is viral replication

Answer 6

It’s when the virus injects their DNA or RNA into a host cell and uses the host cells enzymes and ribosomes to replicate the virus’s genetic information

Question 7

Explain the steps of viral replication

Answer 7

1- the virus attaches to the hosts cells surface receptors
To do this they use their attachment proteins to bind to the complementary cell receptors on the cell surface membrane of the host cell

Question 8

describe the structure and function of the nucleus

Answer 8

nuclear envelope
nucleolus
stores genetic information
production of ribosomes

Question 9

polymer for plant cell wall

Answer 9

cellulose

Question 10

polymer for fungal cell wall

Answer 10

chitin

Question 11

2 features that all prokaryotic cells have that eukaryote cells DONT contain

Answer 11

no membrane bound organelles
free floating DNA in cytoplasm

Question 12

the function of cholesterol

Answer 12

provide structure and support for the cell. prevents unwanted substances from entering

Question 13

mitosis features of the cell cycle (3)

Answer 13

1.replication of linear DNA
2.produces 2 daughter cells
3.happens in eukaryotic cells

Question 14

binary fission features of the cell cycle

Answer 14

1.replication of circular DNA
2.produces 2 daughter cells
3.happens in prokaryotic cells