Organelles/Cell Components Flashcards
Plasma Membrane
Present in Prokaryotes, Animal Cells, and Plant Cells
Separates cell from external environment; controls passage of organic molecules, ions, water, oxygen, and wastes into and out of cell
Cytoplasm
Present in Prokaryotes, Animal Cells, and Plant Cells
Provides turgor pressure to plant cells as fluid inside the central vacuole; site of many metabolic reactions; medium in which organelles are found
Nucleolus
Present in Animal Cells and Plant Cells
Not Present in Prokaryotes
Darkened area within the nucleus where ribosomal subunits are synthesized.
Nucleus
Present in Animal Cells and Plant Cells
Not Present in Prokaryotes
Cell organelle that houses DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
Ribosomes
Present in Prokaryotes, Animal Cells, and Plant Cells
Protein synthesis
Mitochondria
Present in Animal Cells and Plant Cells
Not Present in Prokaryotes
ATP production/cellular respiration
Peroxisomes
Present in Animal Cells and Plant Cells
Not Present in Prokaryotes
Oxidizes and thus breaks down fatty acids and amino acids, and detoxifies poisons
Vesicles and Vacuoles
Present in Animal Cells and Plant Cells
Not Present in Prokaryotes
Storage and transport; digestive function in plant cells. The membranes of vesicles can fuse with either the plasma membrane or other membrane systems within the cell, while the membrane of a vacuole does not fuse with the membranes of other cellular components.
Centrosome
Present in Animal Cells
Not Present in Prokaryotes or Plant Cells
Unspecified role in cell division in animal cells; source of microtubules in animal cells
Lysosomes
Present in Animal Cells
Not Present in Prokaryotes or Plant Cells
Digestion of macromolecules; recycling of worn-out organelles
Central Vacuole
Present in Plant Cells
Not Present in Prokaryotes or Animal Cells
Filled with cell sap that maintains pressure against the cell wall
Cell Wall
Present in Prokaryotes (Peptidoglycan) and Plant Cells (Cellulose)
Not Present in Animal Cells
Protection, structural support and maintenance of cell shape
Chloroplasts
Present in Plant Cells
Not Present in Prokaryotes and Animal Cells
Photosynthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Present in Animal Cells and Plant Cells
Not Present in Prokaryotes
Engaged in modifying proteins. Has many ribosomes on its surface.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Present in Animal Cells and Plant Cells
Not Present in Prokaryotes
Synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones; detoxification of medications and poisons; and storage of calcium ions. Has few to no ribosomes on its surface
Golgi Apparatus
Present in Animal Cells and Plant Cells
Not Present in Prokaryotes
Modifies, sorts, tags, packages, and distributes lipids and proteins
Cytoskeleton
Present in Prokaryotes, Animal Cells, and Plant Cells
Maintains cell’s shape, secures organelles in specific positions, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move within cell, and enables unicellular organisms to move independently
Flagella
Present in some Prokaryotes and Animal Cells
Not present in Plant Cells except for sperm
Cellular locomotion
Cilia
Present in some Prokaryotes and Animal Cells
Not present in Plant Cells
Cellular locomotion, movement of particles along extracellular surface of plasma membrane, and filtration
Nuclear Envelope
Double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleus. Protein-line pores allow material to move in and out.
Chromatin
DNA plus associated proteins
Plasmodesmata
Channels that connect two plant cells
Intermediate Filaments
Fibrous proteins that hold organelles in place.
Microfilaments
Fibrous proteins; form the cellular cortex.
Plastid
Stores pigments
Capsule
Outermost layer of the cell that provides protection.
