Organelles- Animal Cells Flashcards
Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane
Separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. It is semipermeable which means it only lets certain select materials in and out. It can be found in both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Cytoplasm
It surrounds all the organelles in the cell. It can be found in both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Ribosomes
They make protein. Can be floating around the Cytoplasm or attached to another organelle called the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). It can be found in both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Nucleus
Holds the genetic material (DNA). Controls the cell’s activities. Contains ‘Nucleolus’ which is where Ribosomes are produced .
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
It does a lot of processing of molecules for the cell like, protein folding and is also involved in transporting the molecules around.
Rough ER have Ribosomes attached to it and are involved in making and transporting protein.
Smooth ER have many roles like, Detoxification and can make some types of lipids.
Golgi Apparatus
Has enzymes that can modify molecules it may receive and it sorts the materials it receives. Determines where to send these molecules including some that can be sent to the membrane so it can be secreted which means molecules can be sent out of the cell.
Mitochondria
Makes Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) in a process called ‘Cellular Respiration’. It runs on glucose which is a sugar and needs the presence of oxygen to efficiently make ATP energy.
Peroxisomes
Metabolizes waste
Vacuoles
Storage organelles that usually carry food molecules or wastes in solution. Animal cells have multiple small Vacuoles.
Lysosome
Digests food and waste materials.
Cytoskeleton
A structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization
Microtubules
Forms the mitotic spindle and maintains the cell shape.
Centrosome
Microtubule-organizing centre
Intermediate Filaments
Fibrous proteins that hold organelles in place.
Microfilaments
Fibrous proteins; form the cellular
