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Bio L6 (2) DNA and cells > Organelles > Flashcards

Organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

Chloroplasts, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum are all present in what type of cells?

  • Bacterial cells
  • Red blood cells
  • Plant leaf cells
  • Epithelial cells from the lungs
A

Plant leaf cells.

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2
Q

When a plant cell was centrifuged at the lowest speed, organelle X appeared in the sediment, suggest which organelle this is and why it appeared in the sediment.

A

Chloroplasts because they are highly dense so fell to the bottom as sediment.

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3
Q

State the function of mitochondria.

A

Site of respiration.

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4
Q

State the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Protein synthesis.

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5
Q

Name one structure that is present in an animal cell that would not be present in a bacterial cell.

A
  • Golgi
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Chromosome
  • Larger ribosomes.
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6
Q

Name one structure that is not present in an animal cell but could be present in a bacterial cell.

A
  • Capsule
  • Cell wall
  • Flagellum
  • Mesosome
  • Plasmid
  • Nucleoid
  • Circular DNA.
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7
Q

Describe one function of the golgi.

A
  • Formation of glycoproteins / glycolipids
  • Secretion / modification of proteins
  • Formation of lysomes / membranes / vesicles.
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8
Q

Which of the following organelles are featured in prokaryotic cells?

  • Golgi apparatus
  • Mitochondria
  • Nuclear envelope
  • Plasmid
  • Ribosome
A

Present:
+ Plasmid;
+ Ribosome.

Not-present:

  • Golgi apparatus;
  • Mitochondria;
  • Nuclear envelope.
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9
Q

Which of the following organelles are featured in an epithelial cell from the small intestine?

  • Golgi apparatus
  • Mitochondria
  • Nuclear envelope
  • Plasmid
  • Ribosome
A 
Present:
\+ Golgi apparatus;
\+ Mitochondria;
\+ Nuclear envelope;
\+ Ribosome.

Not-Present:
- Plasmid.

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10
Q

The drawing shows some bacterial cells, each of these cells is surrounded by a capsule. The main chemical constituent of this capsule is a nitrogenous polysaccharide, list the elements present in this compound.

A
  • Carbon;
  • Hydrogen;
  • Oxygen;
  • Nitrogen.
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11
Q

Give one way in which the genetic material in a bacterial cell would differ from that in an animal cell.

A

In the bacterial cell, DNA is naked / not associated with a protein / not in a chromosome / in a loop / plasmid / not in a nucleus.

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12
Q

Give one way which the distribution of membranes in this bacterial cell would differ from the distribution of membranes in a plant cell.

A

In bacterial cell organelles are not surrounded by membranes / bacteria only have a plasma membrane / no endoplasmic reticulum / have mesosomes.

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13
Q

Describe one way in which the function of the golgi is related to the function of the RER.

A

The golgi packages / stores / modifies / transports proteins synthesised by the RER.

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14
Q

What is the RER?

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.

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15
Q

Describe the function of the ribosomes on the RER.

A

Protein Synthesis / Translation.

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16
Q

What makes the RER rough?

A

The ribosomes on the outside.

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17
Q

What is the name for the ‘holes’ in the nucleus?

A

Nuclear pore.

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18
Q

Animal, plant, algae and fungi cells are what type of cells?

A

Eukaryotic.

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19
Q

Which type of cells are single-celled?

A

Prokaryotes.

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20
Q

Which type of cells are smaller and simpler?

A

Prokaryotic.

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21
Q

Bacterial cells are what type of cells?

A

Prokaryotic.

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22
Q

What are the organelles present in an animal cell?

A
  • Plasma membrane
  • Rough ER
  • Smooth ER
  • Nucleolus / Nucleus / Nuclear envelope
  • Cytoplasm
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Mitochondrion
  • Ribosome
  • Lysosome
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23
Q

What are the organelles present in an plant cell?

A
  • Plasma membrane
  • Rough ER
  • Smooth ER
  • Nucleolus / Nucleus / Nuclear envelope
  • Cytoplasm
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Mitochondrion
  • Ribosome
  • Lysosome
  • Chloroplasts
  • Plasmodesma
  • Vacuole
  • Cell wall
24
Q

Which organelles are present in a plant cell but not an animal cell?

A
  • Chloroplasts
  • Plasmodesma
  • Vacuole
  • Cell wall
25
Q

A plant cell wall has plasmodesmata, what are these?

A

They are ‘channels’ for exchanging substances with adjacent cells.

26
Q

What are the constituents of an algal cell?

A

(Same as a plant cell)

  • Plasma membrane
  • Rough ER
  • Smooth ER
  • Nucleolus / Nucleus / Nuclear envelope
  • Cytoplasm
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Mitochondrion
  • Ribosome
  • Lysosome
  • Chloroplasts
  • Plasmodesma
  • Vacuole
  • Cell wall
27
Q

What are fungal cell walls composed of?

A

Chitin.

28
Q

What are the constituents of a fungal cell?

A
  • Plasma membrane
  • Rough ER
  • Smooth ER
  • Nucleolus / Nucleus / Nuclear envelope
  • Cytoplasm
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Mitochondrion
  • Ribosome
  • Lysosome
  • Plasmodesma
  • Vacuole
  • Cell wall
29
Q

T / F:

- Fungal cells contain chloroplasts.

A

False, they cannot photosynthesise.

30
Q

What are the main constituents of a plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipids and proteins.

31
Q

What is the function of a plasma membrane?

A

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It also has receptor molecules on it, which allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones.

32
Q

The nucleus is surrounded by what?

A

A nuclear envelope, (double membrane).

33
Q

What is the function of the nuclear pores?

A

They allow substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

34
Q

What is the function of a mitochondria?

A

The site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced.

35
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

It processes and packages new lipids and proteins, it also makes lysosomes.

36
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

The site of photosynthesis.

37
Q

What is the function of the golgi vesicles?

A

They store lipids and proteins made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell.

38
Q

Where are golgi vesicles formed?

A

Golgi apparatus.

39
Q

T / F:

A lysosome is a type of golgi vesicle?

A

True.

40
Q

What is the function of the lysosomes?

A

Digesting invading cells or breaking down work out components of the cell.

41
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

They are the site of protein synthesis.

42
Q

What are ribosomes made up of?

A

Proteins and rRNA.

43
Q

What is the function of the RER?

A

It folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes.

44
Q

Which organelle makes lysosomes?

A

Golgi apparatus.

45
Q

What is hte function of the SER?

A

Synthesises and processes lipids.

46
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

It supports cells and prevents them from changing shape.

47
Q

What is the plant cell wall composed of?

A

Cellulose.

48
Q

T / F:

- Vacuoles have a supporting membrane.

A

True, it is called a tonoplast.

49
Q

What is contained within the vacuole?

A

Cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.

50
Q

What is the fungi cell wall composed of?

A

Cellulose.

51
Q

What is the function of hte vacuole?

A

It helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keeps it rigid. This stops plants wilting, it is also involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals.

52
Q

How are epithelial cells in the small intestine specialised to absorb food efficiently?

A

1) The walls of the small intestine have many villi which increase surface area for absorption.
2) The epithelial cells on the surface of the villi have folds in their cell-surface membranes, called microvilli.
3) They also have many mitochondria to provide for the transport of digested food molecules.

53
Q

What is a tonoplast?

A

It is the surrounding membrane of the vacuole.

54
Q

What is the fungi cell wall composed of?

A

Chitin.

55
Q

What is the algae cell wall composed of?

A

Cellulose.

Bio L6 (2) DNA and cells (8 decks)

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