Organelles Flashcards
Chloroplasts, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum are all present in what type of cells?
- Bacterial cells
- Red blood cells
- Plant leaf cells
- Epithelial cells from the lungs
Plant leaf cells.
When a plant cell was centrifuged at the lowest speed, organelle X appeared in the sediment, suggest which organelle this is and why it appeared in the sediment.
Chloroplasts because they are highly dense so fell to the bottom as sediment.
State the function of mitochondria.
Site of respiration.
State the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Protein synthesis.
Name one structure that is present in an animal cell that would not be present in a bacterial cell.
- Golgi
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Chromosome
- Larger ribosomes.
Name one structure that is not present in an animal cell but could be present in a bacterial cell.
- Capsule
- Cell wall
- Flagellum
- Mesosome
- Plasmid
- Nucleoid
- Circular DNA.
Describe one function of the golgi.
- Formation of glycoproteins / glycolipids
- Secretion / modification of proteins
- Formation of lysomes / membranes / vesicles.
Which of the following organelles are featured in prokaryotic cells?
- Golgi apparatus
- Mitochondria
- Nuclear envelope
- Plasmid
- Ribosome
Present:
+ Plasmid;
+ Ribosome.
Not-present:
- Golgi apparatus;
- Mitochondria;
- Nuclear envelope.
Which of the following organelles are featured in an epithelial cell from the small intestine?
- Golgi apparatus
- Mitochondria
- Nuclear envelope
- Plasmid
- Ribosome
Present: \+ Golgi apparatus; \+ Mitochondria; \+ Nuclear envelope; \+ Ribosome.
Not-Present:
- Plasmid.
The drawing shows some bacterial cells, each of these cells is surrounded by a capsule. The main chemical constituent of this capsule is a nitrogenous polysaccharide, list the elements present in this compound.
- Carbon;
- Hydrogen;
- Oxygen;
- Nitrogen.
Give one way in which the genetic material in a bacterial cell would differ from that in an animal cell.
In the bacterial cell, DNA is naked / not associated with a protein / not in a chromosome / in a loop / plasmid / not in a nucleus.
Give one way which the distribution of membranes in this bacterial cell would differ from the distribution of membranes in a plant cell.
In bacterial cell organelles are not surrounded by membranes / bacteria only have a plasma membrane / no endoplasmic reticulum / have mesosomes.
Describe one way in which the function of the golgi is related to the function of the RER.
The golgi packages / stores / modifies / transports proteins synthesised by the RER.
What is the RER?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Describe the function of the ribosomes on the RER.
Protein Synthesis / Translation.
What makes the RER rough?
The ribosomes on the outside.
What is the name for the ‘holes’ in the nucleus?
Nuclear pore.
Animal, plant, algae and fungi cells are what type of cells?
Eukaryotic.
Which type of cells are single-celled?
Prokaryotes.
Which type of cells are smaller and simpler?
Prokaryotic.
Bacterial cells are what type of cells?
Prokaryotic.
What are the organelles present in an animal cell?
- Plasma membrane
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER
- Nucleolus / Nucleus / Nuclear envelope
- Cytoplasm
- Golgi apparatus
- Mitochondrion
- Ribosome
- Lysosome
What are the organelles present in an plant cell?
- Plasma membrane
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER
- Nucleolus / Nucleus / Nuclear envelope
- Cytoplasm
- Golgi apparatus
- Mitochondrion
- Ribosome
- Lysosome
- Chloroplasts
- Plasmodesma
- Vacuole
- Cell wall
Which organelles are present in a plant cell but not an animal cell?
- Chloroplasts
- Plasmodesma
- Vacuole
- Cell wall
A plant cell wall has plasmodesmata, what are these?
They are ‘channels’ for exchanging substances with adjacent cells.
What are the constituents of an algal cell?
(Same as a plant cell)
- Plasma membrane
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER
- Nucleolus / Nucleus / Nuclear envelope
- Cytoplasm
- Golgi apparatus
- Mitochondrion
- Ribosome
- Lysosome
- Chloroplasts
- Plasmodesma
- Vacuole
- Cell wall
What are fungal cell walls composed of?
Chitin.
What are the constituents of a fungal cell?
- Plasma membrane
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER
- Nucleolus / Nucleus / Nuclear envelope
- Cytoplasm
- Golgi apparatus
- Mitochondrion
- Ribosome
- Lysosome
- Plasmodesma
- Vacuole
- Cell wall
T / F:
- Fungal cells contain chloroplasts.
False, they cannot photosynthesise.
What are the main constituents of a plasma membrane?
Phospholipids and proteins.
What is the function of a plasma membrane?
It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It also has receptor molecules on it, which allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones.
The nucleus is surrounded by what?
A nuclear envelope, (double membrane).
What is the function of the nuclear pores?
They allow substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
What is the function of a mitochondria?
The site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced.
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
It processes and packages new lipids and proteins, it also makes lysosomes.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
The site of photosynthesis.
What is the function of the golgi vesicles?
They store lipids and proteins made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell.
Where are golgi vesicles formed?
Golgi apparatus.
T / F:
A lysosome is a type of golgi vesicle?
True.
What is the function of the lysosomes?
Digesting invading cells or breaking down work out components of the cell.
What is the function of the ribosomes?
They are the site of protein synthesis.
What are ribosomes made up of?
Proteins and rRNA.
What is the function of the RER?
It folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes.
Which organelle makes lysosomes?
Golgi apparatus.
What is hte function of the SER?
Synthesises and processes lipids.
What is the function of the cell wall?
It supports cells and prevents them from changing shape.
What is the plant cell wall composed of?
Cellulose.
T / F:
- Vacuoles have a supporting membrane.
True, it is called a tonoplast.
What is contained within the vacuole?
Cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.
What is the fungi cell wall composed of?
Cellulose.
What is the function of hte vacuole?
It helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keeps it rigid. This stops plants wilting, it is also involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals.
How are epithelial cells in the small intestine specialised to absorb food efficiently?
1) The walls of the small intestine have many villi which increase surface area for absorption.
2) The epithelial cells on the surface of the villi have folds in their cell-surface membranes, called microvilli.
3) They also have many mitochondria to provide for the transport of digested food molecules.
What is a tonoplast?
It is the surrounding membrane of the vacuole.
What is the fungi cell wall composed of?
Chitin.
What is the algae cell wall composed of?
Cellulose.
