Organelles Flashcards
Are animal cells prokaryotes or eukaryotes
Eukaryotes
What is the purpose of having a flexible membrane?
Animals can create different cell types, organ types and tissue types
What is the cytoplasm?
A solution of water and nutrients
Inside cytoplasm is a sort of scaffolding called cytoskeleton
What are centrosomes
Part of reinforcement, they assemble long microtubules that act as part of the cytoskeleton
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Organelles that create a network of membranes that carry stuff around the cell
(Phospholipid bilayers)
What is he rough ER and smooth ER?
Rough ER has ribosomes attaches to it. Helps in the synthesis and packaging of proteins
Smooth ER doesn’t have ribosomes but acts as a storage containing enzymes. Also stores ions in solutions that the cell may need later on
What is a ribosome?
- can float freely about the cytoplasm or be attached to the nuclear envelope
- they assemble amino acids into polypeptides
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Processes proteins and packaging them before sending them were they are needed
What are Golgi bodies
Stacked of membranous layers that form the Golgi apparatus
They can cut up large proteins into smaller hormones and combine proteins with carbohydrates
Package them into vesicles
What are Vessicles?
Have phospholipid walls
Carry Golgi apparatus products to other parts of the cell or outside he cell wall
What are lysosomes
Sacks full of enzymes that break down cellular waste and debris from outside the cell
Turn it into simple compounds which are then transferred into the cytoplasm as cell building materials
What is the nucleus
Highly specialised organelle that has a double membrane.
Has a nucleolus inside
Stores the cells DNA
Has all the info the cell needs to do its job
Makes cell laws
Uses DNA to make laws
What is the Nucleolus?
Inside nucleus
Doesn’t have a membrane
Creates ribosomal RNA or rRNA
Combines this with proteins to form ribosomes
Nucleus then send mRNA to the ribosomes to carry out the laws
What is the mitochondria
Respiration happens here
Energy is derived from carbs, fats and other fuels and turned into ATP
What are prokaryotes?
Lack a cell nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles
Most are unicellular
Eg. Bacteria
Single chromosome with a nucleus region rather than a nucleus
What is the cell membrane?
Composed of lipids and proteins
Double layer of phospholipids
Controls what enters and exits the cell
What is a vacuole?
Contains excess water/dissolved substances - salts, sugars, organic acids
Helps with plant cell shape
Also contains Anthocyanin- pigments responsible for many of the red, blue and purple colour flowers
What are chloroplasts
Contain chlorophyll
Involved in photosynthesis
Double membrane
What is the cell wall
Involved in protection and shape of the plant cell
This is the plant skeletal system
What are plastids
Storage organelles
Eg. Amyloplast- starch
• proteinoplasts - proteins
• Elaioplast - lipids
