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Pre-ap Biology > Organelles > Flashcards

Organelles Flashcards

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0
Q

Why does the nuclear envelope have pores

A

It allows material to move in and out of the nucleus

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1
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA

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2
Q

What is the nucleolus and what starts there?

A
  • A small, dense region

* The assembly of ribosomes begin

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3
Q

What do ribosomes do

A

Makes proteins

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4
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Internal membrane system

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5
Q

What portion of the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in making proteins

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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6
Q

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do

A

Contains collections of enzymes that preform specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs

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7
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do

A

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

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8
Q

What happens to the proteins after the Golgi apparatus

A

Proteins are “shipped” to their final destination

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9
Q

What is the function of a lysosome

A

Digestion, or breakdown, of lipids, carbs, and proteins

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10
Q

What do vacuoles do

A

Store materials such as water, salt, proteins, and carbs

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11
Q

Why do plant cells have large central vacuoles filled with liquid

A

Makes it possible for plants to support heavy structures

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12
Q

What are mitochondria

A

Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

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13
Q

Describe the mitochondria

A

They are enclosed by two membranes an outer membrane and in inner membrane

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14
Q

What are chloroplasts

A

Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis

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15
Q

What is the cytoskeleton

A

A network of protein filaments that help the cell to maintain its shape

16
Q

What does the cell membrane do

A

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support

17
Q

What is the composition of the cell membrane

A

Double-biayered sheet called a lipid layer

18
Q

What is the function of the cell wall

A

To provide support and protection for the cell

19
Q

What are most cell walls made of

A

Fibers of carbohydrate and protein

20
Q

What are plant cell walls made of

A

Cellulose , a tough carbohydrate fiber

21
Q

What are the three types of active transport

A

endocytosis, Exocytosis, molecular transport

22
Q

What is molecular transport

A

Small molecules and ions are carried across the cell membrane via proteins that require energy to work

23
Q

What is endocytosis

A

When large molecules are in folded in cellular membrane and brought into the cell

24
Q

Exocytosis what is it

A

When large molecules are in folded in cellular membrane and taken out of the cell

25
Q

Endocytosis and exocytosis transport occurs using what organelle

A

Vesicles

26
Q

What are the three types of passive transport

A

Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

27
Q

What is diffusion

A

The movement of particles from high to low concentration

28
Q

What is osmosis

A

The diffusion of water across a cell membrane

29
Q

What is happening in hypotonic

A

Water is coming into the cell to quickly which causes the cell to swell and even sometimes burst

30
Q

What is happening in the isotonic

A

The perfect flow of water in and out of the cell

31
Q

What is happening in the hypertonic

A

Water is leaving the cell to quickly and it makes the cell shrivel up and die

32
Q

What is facilitated diffusion

A

The movement of molecules across the cell membrane using protein channels

33
Q

Molecular transport uses what pump

A

Sodium potassium pump

34
Q

In the sodium potassium pump Export of sodium ions provides driving force for other protein pumps that ____

A

Important glucose, amino acids, etc into the cell

35
Q

Sodium and potassium pump regulates electrical impulses related to

A

Heart and nerve cell function

36
Q

Sodium potassium pump regulate cell v_____

A

Volume

37
Q

In the sodium potassium pump increase in cell volume triggers what

A

Pump

38
Q

In the sodium potassium pump if the pump fails what happens to the cell

A

Cell can burst

Pre-ap Biology (3 decks)

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