Atoms/ Ptable Flashcards by sarah g

Why we study chemistry in bio

Life depends on chemistry

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Atom

Most basic unit of matter

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Molecule

more than one atom chemically bonded together

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Compound

A molecule composed of more than one element

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Proton location and charge

Charge- positive

Location-nucleus

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Neutron location and charge

Charge- neutral

Location- nucleus

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Electron charge and location

Charge- negative

Location- orbitals

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Why Adams are neutral?

They have the same number of protons and electrons which cancel each other out

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Element

A pure substance that consists of one type of Atom

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Atomic number

If you change the number of protons you have a different element

In a neutral Atom: protons = electrons

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Atomic mass

Average mass of an element (protons and neutrons)

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A=p=e m-a=n

A atomic number
P protons 
E electrons 
M mass # 
A atomic number 
N neutrons

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Valance shell electrons

The electrons that form bonds

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Ionic bond

If valence electrontron is less then four giveaway electrons
valance electron is 7
4 get electrons if it is exactly four it depends

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Cation

A positive charged atom

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Anion

If it gains electrons it has a negative charge with a negative charge is an anion

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Covalent bond

Form when electrons are shared between two Atoms

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Chemical reaction

A process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

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Acids on ph scale

Between 1 and 6.99

Bases on ph scale

7.01 through 14

Neutrals

Are exactly 7

Acids have more what type of ions

more h+ ions

When is a liquid a base

When it had OH- ions

What is a buffer

A weak acid or base that reacts with a strong acid or base in order to prevent sudden, sharp changes in pH

Why is carbon special

It has for valence electrons

Organic meaning in biology

Organic refers to living or ones living organisms, or a substance made by a living or once living organism

What is a monomer

A single compound

Polymer

Many individual compounds put together

Which chemical process do living organisms use to link to monomers into polymers

Dehydration synthesis

Saturated fats

Solid at room temperature Have straight fatty acid tails Worse for you Single, solid, straight

Unsaturated fats

Double covalent bond Liquids at room temperature Better for you Have kinks in fatty acid tails

More than one carbon-carbon double covalent bond?

Polyunsaturated

Chemically forcing more hydrogen atoms Fatty acid tails are straight Ideal for baking Not good for you at all

Trans fats

Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Controlled by DNA Shape= function Made of amino acid molecules

Proteins

Peptide bonds

Hold proteins together

Shape= function

Shape determines function

Amino acids are bonded using what?

Dehydration synthesis

Amino acids are bonded together at the ____ group of one amino acid and the _____ group of a second amino acid

Carboxl Amino

Activation energy

Energy that is needed for a reaction to begin

Catalyst

A substrate that speeds up the rate of a reaction

Denaturing

When the shape of an enzyme is changed

Substrates

What the enzyme is attaching to, to speed up the reaction

Define organic

Compounds that contain carbon

Carbon can make different kinds of bonds what are they?

Single Double Triple

Define macromolecule

Made of hundreds to thousands of smaller molecules that are linked together

What is hydrolysis

A Chemical reaction that breaks polymers apart. It work by adding one water molecule for every pair of monomers that is separated

What is an enzyme

Proteins that act as biological catalysts