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Pre-ap Biology > Atoms/ Ptable > Flashcards

Atoms/ Ptable Flashcards

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0
Q

Why we study chemistry in bio

A

Life depends on chemistry

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1
Q

Atom

A

Most basic unit of matter

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2
Q

Molecule

A

more than one atom chemically bonded together

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3
Q

Compound

A

A molecule composed of more than one element

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4
Q

Proton location and charge

A

Charge- positive

Location-nucleus

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5
Q

Neutron location and charge

A

Charge- neutral

Location- nucleus

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6
Q

Electron charge and location

A

Charge- negative

Location- orbitals

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7
Q

Why Adams are neutral?

A

They have the same number of protons and electrons which cancel each other out

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8
Q

Element

A

A pure substance that consists of one type of Atom

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9
Q

Atomic number

A

If you change the number of protons you have a different element

In a neutral Atom: protons = electrons

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10
Q

Atomic mass

A

Average mass of an element (protons and neutrons)

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11
Q

A=p=e m-a=n

A 
A atomic number
P protons 
E electrons 
M mass # 
A atomic number 
N neutrons
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12
Q

Valance shell electrons

A

The electrons that form bonds

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13
Q

Ionic bond

A

If valence electrontron is less then four giveaway electrons
valance electron is 7
4 get electrons if it is exactly four it depends

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14
Q

Cation

A

A positive charged atom

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15
Q

Anion

A

If it gains electrons it has a negative charge with a negative charge is an anion

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16
Q

Covalent bond

A

Form when electrons are shared between two Atoms

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17
Q

Chemical reaction

A

A process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

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18
Q

Acids on ph scale

A

Between 1 and 6.99

19
Q

Bases on ph scale

A

7.01 through 14

20
Q

Neutrals

A

Are exactly 7

21
Q

Acids have more what type of ions

A

more h+ ions

22
Q

When is a liquid a base

A

When it had OH- ions

23
Q

What is a buffer

A

A weak acid or base that reacts with a strong acid or base in order to prevent sudden, sharp changes in pH

24
Q

Why is carbon special

A

It has for valence electrons

25
Q

Organic meaning in biology

A

Organic refers to living or ones living organisms, or a substance made by a living or once living organism

26
Q

What is a monomer

A

A single compound

27
Q

Polymer

A

Many individual compounds put together

28
Q

Which chemical process do living organisms use to link to monomers into polymers

A

Dehydration synthesis

29
Q

Saturated fats

A

Solid at room temperature
Have straight fatty acid tails
Worse for you

Single, solid, straight

30
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

Double covalent bond
Liquids at room temperature
Better for you
Have kinks in fatty acid tails

31
Q

More than one carbon-carbon double covalent bond?

A

Polyunsaturated

32
Q

Chemically forcing more hydrogen atoms
Fatty acid tails are straight
Ideal for baking
Not good for you at all

A

Trans fats

33
Q

Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Controlled by DNA
Shape= function
Made of amino acid molecules

A

Proteins

34
Q

Peptide bonds

A

Hold proteins together

35
Q

Shape= function

A

Shape determines function

36
Q

Amino acids are bonded using what?

A

Dehydration synthesis

37
Q

Amino acids are bonded together at the ____ group of one amino acid and the _____ group of a second amino acid

A

Carboxl

Amino

38
Q

Activation energy

A

Energy that is needed for a reaction to begin

39
Q

Catalyst

A

A substrate that speeds up the rate of a reaction

40
Q

Denaturing

A

When the shape of an enzyme is changed

41
Q

Substrates

A

What the enzyme is attaching to, to speed up the reaction

42
Q

Define organic

A

Compounds that contain carbon

43
Q

Carbon can make different kinds of bonds what are they?

A

Single

Double

Triple

44
Q

Define macromolecule

A

Made of hundreds to thousands of smaller molecules that are linked together

45
Q

What is hydrolysis

A

A Chemical reaction that breaks polymers apart. It work by adding one water molecule for every pair of monomers that is separated

46
Q

What is an enzyme

A

Proteins that act as biological catalysts

Pre-ap Biology (3 decks)

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