ORGANELLES Flashcards
What is a ribosome?
the site of protein synthesis, using the genetic code from the nucleus.
what is a nucleus?
Holds the DNA of eukaryotes
Made up of nucleolus (contains ribosomal RNA) and nuclear envelope (membrane), which ensures the protection of the DNA
Contains MOST of the cell’s DNA
The function of the nucleus is to direct the cell’s activities
what are the mitochondria?
Main site of ATP production for energy through cellular respiration
what is rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
ER with ribosomes attached to it
Connected network of membranes thatmanufactures & transports cell products (proteins) within the cell
Site of protein synthesis
what is smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Site of lipid and carbohydrate synthesis
Continuous with plasma and nuclear membrane
Network of membranes thatmanufactures & transports cell products within the cell
Parts of membrane pinch off to form vesicles which transport nutrients around cell
what is the Golgi apparatus?
organelle that packages material into vesicles from ER for export from a cell.
Stores, modifies and packages proteins (inter-cellular, or between cells) – this is called exocytosis
Packages proteins into vesicles – membranous packages
What is a lysosome?
vesicle filled with digestive enzymes. breakdown of non-functioning cell organelles and substances
what is peroxisome?
breakdown of substances toxic to the cell
what is the cytoskeleton?
support and strength for the cell
what is centriole?
part of the cytoskeleton and migrates to the poles during cell division
what are chloroplasts?
converts energy from the sun using photosynthesis
what is a vacuole?
storage of nutrients and mineral salts and waste disposal. large and central in plant cells.
what is the cell wall?
provides protection, shape and support to the cell
what is cytoplasm?
The term used to describe the internal environment of the cell (includes the Cytosol and organelles)
Cytosol is a watery, or jelly-like, solution that contains dissolved substances and enzymes
Makes the cells bulky and 3D
what is the plasma membrane?
The boundary of a cell (separates internal environment from external environment)
Semi-permeable (Some things can pass through it)
Controls what dissolved substances move into and out of the cell
Formed by a phospholipid bilayer (made up of lipids and phosphate molecules
A dynamic structure known as a theorized as a fluid mosaic model as it looks like a mosaic
what is the nucleolus?
a small, dense, spherical structure in a nucleus that is composed of RNA and produces rRNA for protein synthesis
what is cellular respiration?
process of converting the chemical energy of food into a form usable by cells, typically ATP
what is stroma?
stroma: the semi fluid substance between the grana which contains enzymes for some of the reactions of photosynthesis
what is grana?
stacks of membranes on which chlorophyll is located in chloroplasts
what is the nuclear pore complex?
protein-lined channel that perforates the nuclear envelope
