Organelles Flashcards
What is a ribosome made of?
RNA and protein
Where are ribosomes found?
Attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, or floating in the cytoplasm
What does the cytoplasm contain?
Enzymes, salts, organelles and other molecules
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis (plants only)?
Chloroplasts
Where does metabolism mainly occur?
Cytoplasm
What is the purpose of the cell wall?
Provide rigidity and structure to the cell (eg. prevents plant cells from exploding if filled with too much water)
Three organelles only found in plant cells.
Chloroplasts, cell wall, central vacuole
What does the nucleus do?
Stores DNA, coordinates the cell’s activities (eg. growth, metabolism)
What does the golgi apparatus do?
Modifies and transports protein & fat molecules
Where does aerobic respiration occur?
Mitochondria
Where do protein and lipid (fat) synthesis each occur?
Protein: rough endoplasmic reticulum, Lipid: smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Vacuole vs vesicle
Vacuoles: store water, nutrients and waste. Vesicle: transport molecules
Why are ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The ribosomes produce proteins directly into the ER, which then distribute the proteins to their destinations via vesicles.
What is the difference between plant vacuoles and animal vacuoles?
Plant vacuoles are larger, and are called the central vacuole, taking up almost 90% of the cell. Animal cells have smaller, and often multiple vacuoles.
Which organelles are not membrane-bound? (6)
HINT: RNFCCC
Ribosomes, nucleolus, flagella, centrioles, cillia, cytoskeleton
Where is a nucleolus located, and what does it make?
In the nucleus, and it makes ribosomes.
What do ribosomes do?
Synthesise proteins
What does the mitochondria produce during cellular respiration?
ATP molecules
What does the cytoskeleton do?
Maintains the shape of cell
Which organelle produces most of the cell’s energy?
Mitochondria
What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?
Transport proteins and synthesises lipids (fats & oils)
Purpose of lysosomes.
Breakdown of waste material
What are vesicles made of, and what do they do?
Made of phospholipids (like the cell membrane), transport materials through the cell membrane.
What types of organelles have a double membrane?
Nuclei, mitochondria, plastids
