Cells

Question 1

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

Answer 1

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the structural and functional unit of life. 3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

What is a cell?

Answer 2

The fundamental basic unit of life, the smallest independent unit that can carry out life’s processes

Question 3

Give examples of unicellular organisms.

Answer 3

Bacteria, fungi (like yeast), protists (like amoeba), algae

Question 4

What feature defines a living cell?

Answer 4

Cell membrane: it encloses the organelles and keeps them contained and separated from other cells

Question 5

Do all cells contain DNA?

Answer 5

No, mature red blood cells do not contain DNA (but all others do, including both prokaryote and eukaryote)

Question 6

What are the two domains of living things?

Answer 6

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 7

Can prokaryotes be multicellular?

Answer 7

No, prokaryotes can only be unicellular, but often group in colonies

Question 8

What do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common? (7 things)

HINT: CRANPAC

Answer 8

Cell membrane, ribosomes, amino acids, nucleic acids (DNA & RNA), proteins, ATP, cytoplasm

Question 9

What do proteins do?

Answer 9

Maintain structure and carry out important cell functions

Question 10

What are proteins made of?

Answer 10

Amino acids

Question 11

Two types of nucleic acids.

Answer 11

DNA and RNA

Question 12

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 12

Helps transport materials in and out of the cell

Question 13

What is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Answer 13

Energy

Question 14

When is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced and broken down?

Answer 14

Produced in respiration, broken down in metabolism

Question 15

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 15

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles

Question 16

Compare the storage of DNA in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 16

Prokaryotes: single circular DNA chromosome in cytoplasm.
Eukaryotes: multiple linear DNA molecules condensed into chromosomes in the nucleus.

Question 17

What is protein synthesis?

Answer 17

Creating and folding proteins into specific shapes required to perform cell functions

Question 18

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 18

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 19

Two types of prokaryotes.

Answer 19

Bacteria and archaea

Question 20

Four types of eukaryotes.

Answer 20

Plants, animals, protists, fungi