Organelles Flashcards
What are organelles
Seperate parts of the cells that are there to have specific functions
Advantage of compartmentalizing
- different jobs prevent process to interfere with others
- same jobs might damage the cell
- different jobs requires different functions
Cell fractionation & their benefits
The process of seperating different parts of organelles
Help scientists to study each individual parts of organelles
Prokaryotic
Has no nucleus, or membrane bounds organelles
Eukaryotic
Has a nucleus or a membrane bound organelles that can do different jobs
Name a few types of organelles
- Nucleus
- Chloroplasts
- Mitochondria
- Vessicles and lysosomes
- Ribosome
- Endoplasmic reticulum
-Golgi Apparatus - Cell Membrane
Lysosomes function
Digestive system of the cell that contains enzymes
Vessicles function
Help transport materials that organisms need to survive, recycle waste materials
Nucleus Function
General infos and the cell’s control center
Mitochondrion Function
Generate chemical energy to power the cell’s biochemical reactions
Chloroplast function
Produce energy through photosynthesis, sustain plant growth
Ribosome Function
Read RNA then translates to genetic codes to make proteins
ER Function
Produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function
Golgi Function
Proteins recieved from ER are further processed and sorted into further destination
Flattened sacs allow vessicles w proteins in them to go through modification
Phagocytic vacuoles Function
vessicles that stick around longer
How do we get organelles out of the cells?
- Cut it using osmosis, temperature, blender, soap
- Seperate the organelles using a centrifuge
Central Dogma of Biology
Dna is transcribed to RNA, RNA translates into proteins
The benefits of having a double membrane around the nucleus
- Allow the nucleus to have big pores
- To get the RNA out the nucleus and into the cytoplasm
- Allow the creation of bigger pores
- Allow mitosis (nucleus membrane break apart) w/o breaking the membrane, form nuclei after
Mitochondrion structure
- Carries the process of cellular respiration
- Outer membrane make sure the last two steps are seperated from the cell
- Inner membrane is small so it can make space for oxidative phosphorylation
- Matrix is where the chemical reaction of the Krebs cycle happens
Chloroplast structure
- Thykaloids contain pigment that absorbs light for the plant (thats why it’s green)
- Stroma is similar to the matrix, keeps everything together
What does ribosomes do
When ribosomes makes proteins, it puts it inside the ER, then the ER package it and send it to the organelles that needs it
