Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IB Biology > Cell Specialization > Flashcards

Cell Specialization Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are specialized cells called?

A

Differentiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a stem cell? What is it’s function?

A

A cell that is not differentiated, not specialized yet. It can divide itself to an unlimited amount of time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Will all stem cell differentiate?

A

Under the right condition yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does a cell differentiate?

A

Relying on it’s genome, the DNA will see what is the best fit for the cell and further specialize it into what is needed for the organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes a stem cell knows what to specialize into?

A

We don’t. But it’s enviroment could be a reason for it to adapt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the potency of stem cells?

A

The potential on how far a cell can specialize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can the potency of a stem cell affect its function?

A

The amount of potents will determine how well it can do it’s work for the environment it’s in.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Totipotent

A

Can become any type of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pluripotent

A

The second step after totipotent
Many types of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Multipotent

A

The stages most stem cells are in after birth, a few types of cell or become a unipotent cell
Bone marrow has alot of multipotent that can differentiate into different blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Unipotent

A

The narrowest cell can divide up to. They have the ability to renew things which help with wounds/replacing dead cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

*Induced potent

A

Scientists finding ways to go backwards and change differentiate cells back to pluripotent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stem cell niche

A

The microenvironment that people believe help guided how a cell should be differentiate
Hormones, pH, ion concentrations could be conditions that might change the niche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Plant’s differentiation

A

Cambium (ring of SC) differentiate into xylem & pholem cells (plant’s vein)
=>neighbor cells see and do the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Embryo’s differentiation

A

Morphogens (concentration chemicals)
The closer a cell is to the middle of the embryo the more morphogens it is exposed to => differentiate differently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Limb cell’s differentiation

A

Also uses morphogens, closer to middle will make bones, further ones make muscles, furthest will make fat & skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of stem cells that matches each other’s vibe form up together and make tissues

18
Q

What determine the size of the cell?

A

The ratio between surface area and volume

19
Q

Function if SA:V is bigger

A

The more it’ll interact with the enviroment => more on outside

20
Q

If volume gets bigger

A

The more demand for nutrients and the more energy it needs to be put in

21
Q

If surface area gets bigger

A

The more requirements it needs to get through with energy

22
Q

Sperm cell function

A

High ratio => get nutrients easier

23
Q

Egg cell function

A

Low ratio => needs more nutrients, more energy needed to absorb them
Need enough nutrients for baby and because they won’t use blood cells

24
Q

Red blood cells function

A

Perform gas exchange
High ratio help them interacts with the enviroment

25
Q

Gas exchange for RBC

A

RBC brings oxygen to tissues and picking up carbon dioxide or deliver it to the lungs and pick up oxygen

26
Q

Flagelum

A

Tail for sperm to swim

27
Q

White blood cells

A

Fight viruses

28
Q

B-Cells

A

Antibody making cells, a kind of proteins

29
Q

Cerebellar granule cell

A

Nerve cells call neurons
Those cells exchange signals with other cells

30
Q

Motor neurons

A

The walking ones
Have axons so long that they only need two in the body => faster transfer of infos/signals

31
Q

Striated muscles fibres

A

Long and skinny cells that have many nuclei and are made when alot of muscles are together
Help controls muscles forces within the body

32
Q

Proximal Convulated Tubules

A

Those PCT in kidney cell lining helps filtrate substance and choose what they want to keep
=> needs big SA

33
Q

Type I & II Pneumocytes

A

Type I is the outer layer to minimize distnace for oxygen to get through
Type II reduce cohesion by secrete surfactants. Keeps them from collapsing

34
Q

Surfactants

A

Soapy amphipatic molecules

35
Q

Striated muscle cells

A

Skeletal muscle fibres

36
Q

Cardiac muscle cells

A

Y-shape that pass along electrical signals in the heart

37
Q

Intucalated disk

A

use to connect w other cells

38
Q

Myofibrils

A

Proteins that makes cell contract

39
Q

Gametes

A

Human sperm and cells

40
Q

Sperm

A

Alot of flagella that contain mitochondria
Acrosomes contain enzyme to digest zona pellucida
Smooth head to travel faster

41
Q

Eggs

A

Layers of glycoprotein called zona pellucida
The zona pellucida hardens once the sperm settles in and the carticle granules exocytose their contents

IB Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions