Organelles Flashcards
what is an organelle?
a cellular structure with a specialised function.
what is archea?
living things
differences and similarities between plant and animal cells
plant cells
- chloroplasts
- cell walls
- one large permanent vacuole
animal cells
- multiple small vacuoles or absent
similarities
- both have nuclei
- both have mitochondria
photosynthesis equation
carbon dioxide + water sunlight/chlorophyll glucose + oxygen
what is the plant cell wall made of?
cellulose - an insoluble substance
what is the nucleus?
the control centre of the cell that holds nuclear information such as DNA
what is the RER?
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is the site where proteins are synthesised and modified and contains ribosomes on the surface.
- coated in ribosomes
What is the SER?
the smooth endoplasmic reticulum i the site of lipid production.
- lacks ribosomes
what are ribosomes?
- site of protein synthesis
- cells have many ribosomes, which either float freely in the cytoplasm or are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes assemble the building blocks to make proteins.
what is the golgi apparatus?
Stacked flattened sacs that are the sites of protein sorting, packaging, and modification for use in the cell or export.
Protein-filled vesicles often fuse with or bud off from the Golgi apparatus. Also known as the Golgi body.
what is the mitochondria?
An organelle with a highly folded inner membrane surrounded by a second outer membrane.
Mitochondria are the site of aerobic cellular respiration, a chemical reaction that produces the ATP required to power
cellular processes.
They also contain their own DNA and ribosomes.
what is the chloroplast?
- the chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis.
- A double membrane-bound organelle that contains flattened, fluid-filled sacs that are the site of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts also contain their own DNA and ribosomes.
what is the plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier between the intracellular and the extracellular environment. It is made of a phospholipid bilayer which is studded with many molecules.
what are lysosomes?
A membrane-bound vesicle that contains digestive enzymes. It is responsible for breaking down cell waste and toxins, acting like a garbage disposal.
what is the vacuole?
A membrane-bound sac that is used for water and solute storage.
Vacuoles can also play a role in maintaining plant cell structure.
what is a vesicle?
A small, membrane-bound sac that transports substances into or out of a cell, or stores substances within a cell.
what is the cytoskeleton?
A large network of protein filaments that start at the nucleus and reach out to the plasma membrane.
The cytoskeleton is critical for maintaining shape and transporting vesicles around the cell.
In the given fluorescence microscopy photo, the purple represents the cytoskeleton.
what are the membrane bound organelles?
- nucleus
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- lysosomes
- mitochondria
- chloroplasts
- vacuoles
- vesicles
what are the non membrane bound organelles?
- ribosomes
- cell wall
- cytoskeleton
how are other organelles replicated?
these are made up/ copied in g1 and g2 phase interphase and divided up in cytokenesis.
