organelles Flashcards
nucleus
Includes DNA, instructor of the cell and transcribes mRNA
cytoplasm
gives the cell shape, protects the organelles and helps to transport nutrients
lysosome
the digestive system of the cell, breaks down foreign material, obsolete materials within the cell
lysosomes can…
lysosomes can cause cell death if they do not carefully release their digestive enzymes
centriole
contributes to the cytoskeleton and also organises mitotic spindle during mitosis
ribosomes
transcribes RNA into amino acid sequence / protein synthesis
golgi body
sorts out the protein and decide which organelle they go to
golgi vesicles
transports the sorted protein from the golgi body to other organelles
chloroplasts
responsible for photosynthesis
smooth er
lipid and hormone synthesis, calcium release in muscles, breakdown of lipid-soluble toxins in liver cells
rough er
protein synthesis and transport
peroxisomes
regulates the toxic hydrogen peroxide gas that is produced by the cell
centrosomes
responsible for cell division, mitosis
endospores
the storage of DNA in a tough internal structure only present in prokaryotic cells
vacuole
stores water, nutrients and waste products
