Organelles Flashcards
What are the holes in the nuclear membrane called?
Nuclear poles
What is the function of nuclear pores?
Allows passage of large molecules (E.G mRNA) through the membrane
What is the nuclear envelope?
The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus - controls entry and exit of materials
What is the nucleolus?
The small spherical region in the nucleoplasm that manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes
What is the granular, jelly like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus?
Nucleoplasm
In what form is the protein bound, linear DNA in the nucleus?
Chromatin
What is the nuclear membrane continuous with?
The endoplasmic reticulum
What are the 3 main functions of the nucleus?
1)Produce mRNA and tRNA
2)Manufacture ribosomal RNA and ribosomes
3)Retains genetic material - DNA and chromosomes
What are the 3 main features of a mitochondrion?
- Double membrane
- Cristae
- Matrix
What are cristae and their function in the mitochondrion?
Extensions of the inner membrane
- Provide a large surface area for the attachment of enzymes and proteins in respiration.
What does the Matrix contain and what two processes do these substances help with?
Proteins, lipids, ribosomes and DNA- allows for control of own protein synthesis
Enzymes involved in respiration
What two functions are there of a mitochondrion?
1) site of aerobic respiration
2) responsible for production of ATP
What cells would require a lot of ATP and therefore a lot of mitochondria?
Epithelial cells in the intestine for active transport
What is the chloroplast envelope?
A highly selective double plasma membrane
What are stacks of up to 100s of thylakoid discs also known as?
Grana
