Organelle functions

Question 1

Nucleus (e only)

Answer 1

Contains the cell’s genetic information (DNA); needed for growth, repair, functioning.
Covered by the nucleus membrane which has nuclear pores; encloses genetic material, made of inner and outer layer membrane, has pores.

Question 2

Nucleolus

Answer 2

Made of proteins and RNA; ribosomes are made in nucleolus.

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Made of ribosomal RNA (rRna) and protein, no membrane holding them together.
They make proteins, found suspended in cytoplasm or connected to endoplasmic reticulum (RER).

Question 4

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 4

Connected to the pores nuclear membrane
A network of flattened, interconnected membranes creating a tunnel through which different substances can move.
Rough ER has ribosomes; proteins are made by ribosomes, Smooth ER does not; makes lipids.

Question 5

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 5

Packager - Made of flat membrane sacks which are on top of each other, NOT interconnected.
Processes and packages of substances that the cell has made, e.g. proteins made by ribosomes may be sent to GB/A and processed, a ‘bubble’ will pinch off around the substance to form a vesicle.

Question 6

Vesicles

Answer 6

Made from golgi apparatus and contains substances which are sent to specific locations in cell OR are excreted out of the cell (exocytosis).

Question 7

Lysosomes

Answer 7

Membrane bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes which break down other substances (cellular waste, foreign particles) and either reuses them or excretes them.

Question 8

Chloroplasts

Answer 8

Disc shaped organelles which have a double membrane, their own DNA and chlorophyll which is a green pigment.
Capture light and use it to perform photosynthesis

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

Double membrane with its own DNA, performs chemical respiration by transforming glucose from chloroplasts and oxygen to create ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Number depends on the amount of energy, less active → less mitochondria.