Organ systems

Question 1

In what way do sponges consume their food

Answer 1

filtering

Question 2

What do cnidaria and flatworms have in common in terms of consumption

Answer 2

one main opening used for both ingestion and excretion

Question 3

Name 3 parts of the digestive system (vertebrates)

Answer 3

entrance part, middle part, excretory part

Question 4

Give 3 characteristics of the liver

Answer 4

• the largest digestive gland
• removes toxins from the body´s blood supply
• filters blood and breaks down poisonous substances (alcohol, drugs)
• maintains healthy blood sugar levels
• produces bile

Question 5

Translate: bile

Answer 5

žlč

Question 6

Where is bile stored

Answer 6

the gallbladder

Question 7

Translate: gallbladder

Answer 7

žlčník

Question 8

What is the function of the pancreas

Answer 8

to produce enzymes that help to digest food (released in the small intestine)

Question 9

What is the main difference between the digestive system of a herbivore and a carnivore

Answer 9

herbivores have longer digestive system (larger small intestine and cecum), carnivores have shorter digestive system (shorter small intestine and cecum)

Question 10

Why do carnivores have shorter digestive tract

Answer 10

meat is dense in nutrients therefore it is easier to break down and a longer digestive tract is not needed

Question 11

Why do herbivores have longer digestive system

Answer 11

• herbivores consume plants which contain cellulose
• digestion of cellulose in the intestine takes a longer time
• the cecum is enlarged because it stores bacteria that produce cellulase

Question 12

What is the difference between cellulose and cellulase

Answer 12

cellulose is a plant polysaccharide and cellulase is an enzyme that breaks down cellulose

Question 13

Name the 4 compartments of a cow stomach + translate

Answer 13

• rumen: bachor
• reticulum: čepiec
• omasum: kniha
• abomasum: slez

Question 14

Name the types of circulating fluids

Answer 14

• hydrolymph
• hemolymph
• lymph
• blood and tissue fluid

Question 15

Where can hydrolymph be found

Answer 15

in the most primitive organisms (flatworms)

Question 16

What is a substitute for a circulatory system in flatworms

Answer 16

a gastrovascular cavity (functions for both
digestion and distribution of
substances)

Question 17

Where can hemolymph be found

Answer 17

arthropods, annelids, molluscs

Question 18

What type of circulatory system do invertebrates with hemolymph have

Answer 18

open circulatory system

Question 19

Name 3 characteristics of lymph

Answer 19

• only in vertebrates
• derived from blood plasma
• circulates in lymphatic vessels

Question 20

What are the 2 types of circulatory system

Answer 20

1. Open - invertebrates (no vessels)
2. Close - vertebrates, some invertebrates (vessels present)

Question 21

Translate: pulmonary circulation

Answer 21

pľúcny obeh

Question 22

Name 2 types of excretory structures in invertebrates

Answer 22

1. Nephridia (in most invertebrates)
2. Malpighian tubules (in insects)