ORGAN SYSTEMS Flashcards
INTEGUMENTARY
Protects deeper organs from mechanical, chemical, and bacterial injury, and from dying out.
Excretes salts and urea.
Aids in regulation of body temperature.
Produces vitamin D.
Skin, hair, and nails; cutaneous sense organs and glands.
SKELETAL
Body support and protection of internal organs.
Provides levers for muscular action.
Cavities provide a site for blood cell formation.
Bones store minerals.
Bones, cartilages, tendons, ligaments, and joints.
MUSCULAR
Primary function is to contract or shorten; in doing so, skeletal muscles allow locomotion (running, walking, etc.), grasping and manipulation of the environment, and facial expressions.
Muscles attached to the skeleton.
NERVOUS
Allows body to detect changes in its internal and external environment and to respond to such information by activating appropriate muscles or glands.
Helps maintain homeostasis of the body via rapid transmission of electrical signals.
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
ENDOCRINE
Helps maintain body homeostasis, promotes growth and development; produces chemical messengers called hormones that travel in the blood to exert their effect(s) on various target organs of the body.
Pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands; ovaries, testes, and pancreas.
CARDIOVASCULAR
Primarly a transport system that carries blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, ions, hormones, and other substances to and from the tissue cells where exchanges are made; blood is propelled through the blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart.
Antibodies and other protein molecules in the blood protect the body.
Heart and blood vessels.
LYMPHATIC
Picks up fluid leaked from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood.
Cleanses blood of pathogens and other debris.
Houses lymphocytes that act via the immune response to protect the body from foreign substances.
Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus.
RESPIRATORY
Keeps the blood continuously supplied with oxygen while removing carbon dioxide.
Contributes to the acid-based balance of the blood.
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
DIGESTIVE
Breaks down ingested foods to smaller particles, which can be absorbed into the blood for delivery to the body cells.
Undigested residue removed from the body as feces.
Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and accessory structures including teeth, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas.
URINARY
Rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes including urea, uric acid, and ammonia, which result from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids.
Maintains water, electrolyte, and acid-based balance of blood.
Kydneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
REPRODUCTIVE
Provides gametes called sperm for perpetuation of the species.
Provides gametes called eggs; the uterus houses the developing fetus until birth; mammary glands provide nutrition for the infant.
Male: testes, prostate gland, scrotum, penis, and duct system, which carries sperm to the body exterior.
Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, mammary glands, and vagina.
