Orgainic Compunds Containing Nitrogen Flashcards
1
Q
How do you form a nitrile from a halogenoalkane?
A
Reaction of halogenoalkane and potassium cyanide using ethanol as solvent.
Nucleophillic substitution recation, so there is addition C-C bond (“going up the homoglous series”).
2
Q
How do you form a nitrile from a carboxylic acid?
A
- Carboxylic acid is neturalised by ammonia to form an ammonium salt of acid formed.
- Ammounium salt is heated, water is lost and amide is formed.
- Amide is strongly heated with dehydrationg agent (phosphorus(V) oxide), water lost and nitrile formed.
3
Q
Hydrolysis of nitriles/amides in acid conditions
A
The nitrile/amide is warmed with sulfuric acid, causing hydrolysis.
Product formed: Carboxylic Acid
4
Q
Hydrolysis of nitriles/amides in alkaline conditions.
A
The nitrile/amide needs to be refluxed with sodium hydroxide solution.
Product: Salt
5
Q
Reduction of nitrile.
A
Nitrile is reduced by lithium tetrahydridoaluminate(III) dissolved in ethoxyethane.
CH3 - C = N ———> CH3-CH2-NH2
6
Q
A
