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Mammalogy > Order Perissodactyls > Flashcards

Order Perissodactyls Flashcards

1
Q

perissodactyls

A

“odd toed”

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2
Q

ungulates

A

hooved

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3
Q

extant members

A

Family Equidae
Family Tapiridae
Family Rhinoerotidae

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4
Q

evolution of horses

A

simplified digits *see chart
60mya .5meter w/multidigits
1mys 1.5meter w/one digit in contact w/ground

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5
Q

characteristic perissodactyls

A

axis symmetry through middle digit
no real horns as in bovine but have horn of dermal origin on frontal and nasal bones of skull
elongated rostrum w/molariform cheek teeth
simple stomach w/cecum

hindegut fermenters

full compliment of teeth 44
fewer digits + longer limbs = faster

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6
Q

cheek teeth of perissodactyls

A

hipsodontal/ high crowned and lophodontal/linear crests

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7
Q

cursorial specialization

A

galloping mammals synchronize breathe w/gait
tendons store and recover elastic energy
digital flexors and critical to spring function
40% metabolic energy saved when trotting
running speeds depend on stride length and rate

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8
Q

increasing stride length

A 
increases limb length (elongated metacarpal, metatarsal, phalanges)
joints distal to scapula and pelvis are limited in lateral motion
lost clavicle (complete freedom of shoulder allows scapula free motion around pivot point)
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9
Q

increase stride rate

A 
decrease contact time
increase moveable joints
lengthen tendons and move muscles closer to the body
decrease digits
hold head w/elastic ligaments
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10
Q

elastic ligaments in perissodactyls

A

nuchal ligaments

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11
Q

feeding specialization

A

many high ridged cheek teeth and some sort of fermentation system

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12
Q

hindgut fermenters

A

have microbes in cecum to breakdown cellulose and release nutrients

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13
Q

perrisodactyls are what kind of fermenters

A

hindgut/after stomach

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14
Q

artiodactyls are what kind of fermenters

A

foregut fermenters/ before stomach.

this is more beneficial because they can absorb more nutrients.

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15
Q

Family Equidae

A

horses, asses, zebra
evolved in N.America
dentition nearly complete 3/3, 0-1/0-1, 3-4/3, 3/3 = 42-44
males have canines, females don’t
cheek teeth hypodontal q/complex occusional surfaces
zebras and horses live in groups lead by single stallion

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16
Q

Family Tapiridae

A 
Tapirs
stocky build
short limbs
full dentition 44
short flexible proboscis
17
Q

Family Rhinocerotidae

A 
Rhinos
v.large stout body
graviportal limbs because heavy af
no real predators except us
"horn" on nose kerotinized dermal origin (convergent evolution w/baleen  on whales, bird beaks
near extinction

Mammalogy (5 decks)

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