Cetaceans

Question 1

resulted in what two lineages

Answer 1

mysticeti (baleen whales)

odentoceti (toothed whales)

Question 2

diversion and radiation of cetaceans corresponded to what

Answer 2

establishment of antartic circumpolar ocean current circulation 35 mya
super nutrient rich: plankton and phytoplankton

Question 3

morphology

Answer 3

marine
fusiform body shape
gentials and mammary glands held in slits.
testes in abdomen
lots of blubber
nearly hairless
milk squirt into mouth
compressed cervical vertebrae and high neural spines
kind limbs vestigal
forelimbs paddle
horizontal fluke
tympanic bullae not attached to skull surrounded by fatty tissue
"spy"

Question 4

diving adaptations

Answer 4

alteration between eupenea and apnea
sperm whale can stay under water for 70min
shunt blood away from muscles to heart and brain
release air as go down and replace with plasma
greater affinity O2, hemoglobin, myoglobin, RBC
rete mirable

Question 5

rete mirable

Answer 5

maintain brain temp and trap N2 bubbles as whales surface

Question 6

sub order mysticeti

Answer 6

baleen whales
baleen plates convergent w/keritinized horn sheath of aritodactyl, keritinized rhino horn, and bird beaks
2 blow holes/nasal openings
filter feeders

Question 7

3 types of feeding habits of mysticeti

Answer 7

surface: large head, long baleen plates (right whales)
lunge: large head, large mouth, short baleen (roquals, humpback)
head plow: plow nose along ocean floor (gray whale)

Question 8

4 families of suborder mysticeti

Answer 8

Balenidae (right bowhead whales)
Balaenopteridaen (roquals)
Eschrichtidae (gray whale)
Cetotheriidae (pygmy right whale)

Question 9

Family Balenidae

Answer 9

Right Bowhead Whales
scoop feeders
over hunted
67,000 lb
huge heads
long baleen plates
feed on plankton& small fish

Question 10

Family Balaenopteridaen

Answer 10

Roquals
lunge feeders
11-31M long (blue whale longest)
throat furrows
long migration
when calving/breeding in winter most species don't feed and rely on fat stores

Question 11

Family Cetotheriidae

Answer 11

pygmy right whale

Question 12

Suborder Odentoceti

Answer 12

toothed whales
feed near shores
playful
telescoped skull
some freshwater but most marine
possess a melon
simple homeodont dentition
single blowhole

Question 13

melon

Answer 13

in suborder Odentoceti
is a thick fatty/waxy complex situated in facial depression that acts as a lense for echolocation which can be used to stun prey

Question 14

7 families Odentoceti

Answer 14

Delphinidae- dolphins
Monodontidae- beluga and narwhals
Phycoenidae- porpoises
Physteridae- sperm whale
Plantanstidae- river dolphin
Iniidae
Zysriidae

Question 15

Family Delphinidae

Answer 15

Dolphins/Killer whales
largest/most diverse group cetaceans
very well developed melon; highly acoustic
2-6 cervical vertebrae fused
eat small fish and squid
gregarious
highly intelligent

Question 16

Family Monodontidae

Answer 16

Beluga and Narwhal

N. Canadian waters

Question 17

Beluga

Answer 17

focusing melon and “sac” nasal passages
very vocal
“canaries of the sea”/white whale

Question 18

Narwhal

Answer 18

single modified incisor is twisted long
tusk “unicorns”
Tusk has tiny holes, used for hunting/smacking fish

Question 19

Family Physiteridae

Answer 19

Sperm Whale
occurs in all oceans
moby dick
facial region has 2 massive oil filled organs can account for 25% body weight
teeth only on bottom jaw
all cervical vertebrae fused
gregarious
feed on deep sea squid

Question 20

Family Plantanistidae

Answer 20

River Dolphins
less than 3M long
long narrow beak w/variable teeth
eyes greatly reduced
echolocation
fresh water estuary

Question 21

Family Ziphiidae

Answer 21

Beaked Whales
widely distributed
recently viewed in wild
multichambered stomach