Order and Design Test 2 Flashcards
the part of the flower from which the fruit develops
ovary
underground structure made of thick, fleshy leaves surrounding a very short stem
bulb
a leaf that has more than one blade joined to the petiole
compound leaf
creeping stem that grows along the surface of the ground in most grass plants
stolon
the part of a plant embryo that develops into the root system
radicle
the part of a plant embryo that develops into the shoot of the plant
plumule
leaves that attach directly to a stem
sessile leaf
a plant that needs two growing seasons to complete its life cycle
biennial
scientific term for plants that produce seeds covered by a flower
angiosperms
German botanist known for discovering many complex details of plant reproduction
Christian Konrad Sprengel
the primary purpose of flowers
allowing plant reproduction
the leaf-like structures at the base of a flower’s petals
sepals
the main force that brings water up a plant’s transport tubes; the loss of water from leaves
transpiration
the member of the parsley family that is also known as wild carrot
Queen Anne’s Lace
a young plant that is able to survive without its cotyledons
seedling
leaf arrangement in which individual leaves grow in an alternating pattern along the stem
alternate leaf arrangement
plants that have nonwoody stems
herbaceous plants
the food-making process of plants
photosynthesis
the part of the stamen that produces pollen grains
anther
the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the top of the pistil
pollination
plant reproduction that does not involve flowers, seeds, or fruit
vegetative
the parts of the flower that attract pollinators
petals
tiny one-celled reproductive structures found on plants such as ferns
spores
the place where a leaf attaches to the stem
node
tube that grows from a pollen grain through which a sperm cell travels to reach the egg cell
pollen tube
the plant family in which the fruits are called legumes
pea family
plant family whose fruits are called grains
grass family
plant family with square, stout stems and with flowers usually arranged in spikes
mint family
monocots that have tepals and inferior ovaries and frow from bulbs, corms, or rhizomes
amaryllis family
most members have woody stems; fleshy fruits; flower parts in multiples of five; and cup-shaped blossoms with white, pink, or rose-colored petals
rose family
most important group of plants
grass family
plants help return nitrogen to the soil
pea family
also called the crowfoot family because of their leaf shape that resembles a bird’s foot
buttercup family
carries water and nutrients from the root hairs upward through the root and stem to the leaves
xylem
the type of flowers usually found in the center of a composite flower head
disk flowers
the process by which water and dissolved chemicals are absorbed through the cell membrane of the root hairs
osmosis
formed by the storage cells that surround a root’s transport tube
cortex
leaf arrangement in which two leaves grow from one node but on opposite sides of the stem
opposite leaf arrangement
when animals and birds aid in the dispersal of seeds
agent dispersal
plants without vascular systems
bryophytes
the three main parts of a seed
embryo, endosperm, seed coat
growth of a plant in length
primary growth
the upward force in the transport tubes produced by water entering the root hairs
root pressure
the type of seed dispersal in which the ripened fruit bursts open and scatters the seeds
mechanical dispersal
once the plant begins producing its own food these shrivel up and die
cotyledons
little green structures within a plant cell in which photosynthesis takes place
chloroplasts
this process requires sunlight to occur
photosynthesis
type of leaf venation that has small veins branching from one main vein
pinnate
type of leaf margin that has extensions of itself which can be blunt or end in sharp points
lobed
characteristics of monocots
one cotyledon; long, slender leaves with parallel veins; petals in groups of three; fibrous root system
characteristics of dicots
two cotyledons; broad leaves with branching veins; petals in groups of four or five; taproot system
