Orbits Flashcards
Most common adult orbital mass
Cavernous hemangioma
Most common orbital site of involvement in lymphoma
Lacrimal gland
Which primary tumours metastasize to the orbit
Breast, lung, thyroid, RCC, melanoma
Children - met neuroblastoma (sunburst pattern in bone)
Characteristic imaging appearance in scirrhous BC mets
Imaging findings in thyroid eye disease
Increased intra-orbital fat, stranding, extra-ocular muscle enlargement (I’M SLow) and proptosis
Bilateral (sometimes unilateral)
Spares muscle tendons
Imaging findings in orbital pseudotumor
Idiopathic orbital inflammation
Acute, unilateral, PAINFUL proptosis (in contrast to lymphoma)
Most commonly in EOM (including tendons), can involve lacrimal gland and other parts of orbit
Key ddx : lymphoma (not painful, usu bilateral, does not respond steroids), thyroid eye disease
What is Tolosa-Hunt syndrome?
Idiopathy inflammation involving orbital apex and cavernous sinus; painful opthalmoplegia
Ddx: sarcoid, TB, cavernous sinus thrombosis/CCF, lymphoma, meningioma, etc.
Most common tumours arising from optic nerve-sheath complex
1) Optic nerve glioma
2) Optic meningioma
Imaging appearance of optic nerve glioma
Children - fusiform enlargement of optic nerve, variable enhancement, ass with NF1 and bilateral
Adults - aggressive appearance, enhancing, extending to optic chiasm and tracts
Classic imaging appearance optic nerve meningioma
Tram-tract enhancement and thickening of nerve sheath
DDx optic neuritis
MS, viral infection, sarcoid, vasculitis, toxins
Imaging findings in retinoblastoma
Hyper-attenuating, enhancing, calcified mass in retina
Imaging findings retinopathy of prematurity
Bilateral small globes, hemorrhage, and calcification
Imaging findings coloboma and associations
Result from failure of closure of choroidal fissure
Elongated or malformed globe (out pouching at site of optic nerve)
Trisomy 13 and 18, CHARGE
**if associated with midline abnormalities of the brain and skull (transphenoidal basal encephalocele. moya moya), consider morning glory syndrome
Sphenoid dysplasia is seen in what condition? And what are associated orbital findings
NF1
Pulsatile exophthalmos
Findings in septa-optic dysplasia
Hypoplastic optic nerve
Agenesis of septum pellucidum
Hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction
May be associated with schizencephaly
