Orbits

Question 1

CR for waters

Answer 1

exit acanthion

Question 2

CR for caldwell

Answer 2

15 caudal, exit nasion

Question 3

Orbits angle for caldwell

Answer 3

30

Question 4

EC Anatomy - Waters

Answer 4

IOMs
maxillae
nasal septum
zygomatic bones
zygomatic arches
anterior nasal spine
included

Question 5

EC Anatomy - Caldwell

Answer 5

Superior orbital margins
maxillae
nasal septum
zygomatic bones
anterior nasal spine

Question 6

EC Position - Caldwell

Answer 6

Petrous ridges in lower 1/3rd of orbits w/ 15° caudal CR.
Petrous ridges ↓ IOMs for 30° caudal CR.
No rotation: = distance from mid-lateral orbital margin to lateral cortex of cranium.
Superior orbital fissures are symmetric.

Question 7

EC Position - Waters

Answer 7

Correct neck extension demonstrates petrous ridges inferior to maxillary sinuses

Question 8

EC Exposure - Caldwell

Answer 8

Contrast & density sufficient to visualize maxillary region & superior orbital margins. Sharp bony margins indicate no motion.

Question 9

EC Exposure - Waters

Answer 9

No rotation indicated by = distance from mid-lateral orbital margin to the lateral cortex of cranium on each side.

Question 10

Lateral CR

Answer 10

zygoma

Question 11

EC Anatomy - Lateral

Answer 11

Superimposed facial bones
greater wings of sphenoid
orbital plates
sella turcica
zygoma
mandible
demonstrated

Question 12

EC Position - Lateral

Answer 12

No rotation/tilt.
Rotation = anterior & posterior separation of symmetrical vertical bilateral structures like the mandibular rami & greater wings of sphenoid.
Tilt = superior & inferior separation of orbital plates.

Question 13

EC Exposure- Lateral

Answer 13

Contrast & Density are sufficient to visualize maxillary region.
Sharp bony margins indicate no motion.