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Orbit > Orbit 2 > Flashcards

Orbit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of epicanthus skin folds?

A
  1. Epicanthus tarsalis: fold is more prominent in upper eyelid2. Epicanthus inversus: more prominent in lower eyelid3. Epicanthus palpebralis: equally upper and lower4. Epicanthus supraciliaris: Medial eyelid skin that is more prominent from eye brow to lacrimal sac
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2
Q

From where does the capsulopalpebral fascia originate?

A

The inferior rectus muscle

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3
Q

Vasculitides are what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type III

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4
Q

Wegener’s (granulomatosis with polyangiits) is characterized by what type of inflammation?

A

Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis

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5
Q

Within the orbit, what structure is most commonly affected by sarcoidosis?

A

Lacrimal gland, usually bilateral

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6
Q

What are the top two locations for NSOI?

A
  1. Myositis (most common)2. Dacryoadenitis
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7
Q

What are known risk factors for developing capillary hemangiomas?

A

Premature infants and chorionic villus sampling

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8
Q

Orbital varices is what type of blood vessel abnormality?

A

veins

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9
Q

What are the two types of AV fistulas?

A
  1. CCF (secondary to trauma)2. Dural cavernous fistula (a degnerative process)
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10
Q

Neurofibroma is proliferation of what type of cell?

A

Schwann cell,

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11
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of NF1?

A

AD with incomplete penetrance

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12
Q

Where do meningiomas usually originate?

A

Sphenoid wing

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13
Q

What are the 4 types of rhabdomyosarcoma and which is most common, has the best prognosis and has the worst prognosis?

A
  1. Embryonal–most common, very good prognosis2. Alveolar–worst prognosis3. Pleomorphic–best prognosis4. Botryoid
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14
Q

What is the treatment of choice for isolated ocular lymphoma?

A

Radiotherapy; 2000-3000 cGy

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15
Q

What is thought to be the underlying cause of silent sinus syndrome?

A

Chronic, subclinical sinusitis that causes bone erosion that at some point causes collapse of the orbital floor resulting in enophthalmos

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16
Q

In adults, mets to the eye more frequently go to the choroid. Where do mets in children more commonly go?

A

The orbit

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17
Q

Which grade of Lefort fracture has no orbital involvement?

A

Grade 1

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18
Q

What are the 4 articulations in a ZMC (zygomaticomaxillary complex) involved (misnomer of tripod fracture)

A
  1. Zygomatic arch2. Zygomaticofrontal suture3. Zygomaticomaxillary suture 4. Zygomaticosphenoidal suture
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19
Q

gold weight is most commonly used for what type of lagophthalmos?

A

paralytic lagophthalmos

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20
Q

Medial spindle procedure is most commonly used for what?

A

Medial ectropion

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21
Q

Cutler-Bear procedure is most commonly used for what?

A

Upper eyelid defect greater than 50%

22
Q

What part of the sphenoid bone (greater or lesser wings) does the optic nerve go through?

A

lesser wing of the sphenoid

23
Q

When you are performing a canthotomy, what are you cutting?

A

The pretarsal orbicularis tendon (this is where superior and inferior pretarsal obicularis join)

24
Q

The orbital septum originates at the arcus marginalis. Where does it insert? (Not that it is a muscle)

A

Superiorly it fuses 2-5mm above the superior tarsal border and inferiorly it fuses at the lower border of the inferior tarsus

25
Q

What are the protractors of the eyes?

A

Orbicularis oculi

26
Q

What are the retractors of the eye?

A
  1. Upper eye lid: levator and muller’s2. Lower eye lid: capsulopalpebral fascia and inferior tarsal muscle
27
Q

The levator muscular portion is approximately 40mm long. How long is the apeuronotic portion? What is the ligament that traverses horizontally at the ligament/muscle junction?

A

14-20mm; Whitnall’s ligament

28
Q

What is the analogous structure to Whitnall ligament in the lower eyelid?

A

Lockwood ligament. These ligaments act as structural support

29
Q

Muller muscle originates how far from the superior tarsal border?

A

12-14mm on the undersurface of the levator

30
Q

What is the vertical height of the superior tarsus? inferior tarsus?

A

10-12mm; 4mm

31
Q

How many eye lashes are there in the upper and lower eyelids respectively?

A

100; 50

32
Q

How many meibomian glands are there in the upper and lower respectively?

A

25; 20

33
Q

What are the characteristics of blepharophimosis syndrome?

A

NAME?

34
Q

Congenital ectropion is usually caused by what 3 conditions?

A
  1. Blepharophimosis syndrome2. Down syndrome3. Ichthyiosis
35
Q

Coloboma of the medial upper eyelid is usually associated with systemic condition or isolated? Lower eyelid?

A

isolated (goldenhar however is associated with upper eyelid); associated with systemic syndrome

36
Q

What location is sebaceous cell carcinoma more likely to occur?

A

Upper eyelid (more meibomian gland there)

37
Q

What is eyelid imbrication syndrome?

A

When the upper eyelid is lax (with normal tarsus) and overrides the lower eyelid when sleeping causing chronic conjunctivitis

38
Q

Trichoepithelioma

A

Remember PAPULE because it has a P in the name. Flat, flesh colored papule.

39
Q

Trichofolliculoma

A

Remember Umbilicated because it has a U in the name. sometimes these lesions are umbilicated

40
Q

Trichilemmoma

A

The 3rd “trichi” hair follicle tumor is verrucous appearing

41
Q

What are the 4 types subtypes of basal cell carcinoma. Which is most common? Which is most aggressive?

A
  1. Nodular (most common)2. Ulcerative3. Pigmented4. Morpheaform (most aggressive)
42
Q

Complete preoperative metastatic work-up is indicated for melanomas larger than what?

A

1.5mm

43
Q

Is lentigo simplex related to sun exposure?

A

No

44
Q

When are tears first produced after birth and when does the lacrimal drainage system mature to function?

A

20 days; 6 weeks

45
Q

What is the normal upper eyelid crease distance in males? In females?

A

8-9; 9-11

46
Q

What is an easy exam finding to help differentiate acquired vs congenital myogenic ptosis?

A

Ptotic eyelid is elevated on downgaze (compared with normal eye) with congenital myogenic ptosis

47
Q

What is the most common complication of blepharoptosis surgery?

A

Undercorrection

48
Q

Is benign essential blepharospasm bilateral or unilateral?

A

Bilateral

49
Q

Does hemifacial spasms occur during sleep?

A

Yes; unlike benign essential blepharospasm

50
Q

Where is the peripheral arterial arcade located of the eyelid?

A

Just superior to the superior tarsus border between muller and levator muscles

Orbit (3 decks)

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