Oralité Flashcards
Who distinguished between orality and writing as two incompatible cultural orientations?
Marshall McLuhan
McLuhan associated orality with a cyclical conception of time and collective norms, while writing promotes linear and individualistic thinking.
What did Walter J. Ong study regarding orality and writing?
Transformations between oral and written cultures
Ong highlighted the historical transition from orality to writing, and then to print and electronic culture.
What did Ferdinand de Saussure emphasize about language?
The fundamentally oral nature of language
Saussure argued that this characteristic defines the specificity and depth of language.
What important distinction did Ramón Menéndez Pidal introduce?
Between ‘popular poetry’ and ‘traditional poetry’
This distinction helps classify oral works more effectively.
What aspect of African oral narratives did Harold Scheub focus on?
Their aesthetic dimension
Scheub highlighted the importance of time and performance in these traditions.
What did Geneviève Calame-Griaule explore in her studies?
Relationships between language, culture, and oral tradition among the Dogons
She emphasized the richness of African oral practices.
What did Alfred Tomatis analyze regarding the human voice?
Its physiological and psychological properties
Tomatis demonstrated how the human body adapts to vocal production.
What concept did Roland Barthes introduce in relation to voice?
The ‘grain of the voice’
Barthes used this concept to describe the expressiveness of voice.
What did Jacques Derrida analyze concerning orality and writing?
The implicit hierarchy between them
Derrida questioned the philosophical and cultural implications of writing.
Define oralité.
A form of communication based on voice, characterized by immediacy and direct connection to performance.
Define vocalité.
The qualitative and expressive dimension of the human voice, including its physical and symbolic characteristics.
How does performativity manifest in orality?
Through performances where voice, gesture, and context combine to create a unique experience.
What are the types of oralité?
- Primary: Pure orality without interaction with writing
- Mixed: Coexistence of oral and written traditions
- Secondary: Mediatized orality dominated by writing and modern technologies.
What is oralité médiatisée?
The impact of media on oral communication, altering its spatio-temporal dimensions and reducing direct interaction.
What is the unique aspect of poésie orale?
It is anchored in the time and space of a performance, characterized by musicality, gesturality, and interaction with the audience.
