Métamorphoses de la culture libérale Flashcards
Who are the key theorists of the Frankfurt School?
Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, Herbert Marcuse
They criticized cultural industries for turning art into consumer products.
What did the Frankfurt School theorists believe about media?
Media produce stereotypes that reinforce conformity and justify the established order
They also developed the concept of ‘false consciousness’.
Who are notable theorists of the Situationist movement?
Guy Debord, Raoul Vaneigem
They criticized unilateral communication that isolates individuals.
What is a key criticism made by the Situationists?
Control and manipulation of opinion, standardization of thoughts and tastes
They also highlighted the disintegration of public space.
What concept did Martin Heidegger discuss that relates to media?
The ‘dictatorship characteristic’ of ‘the they’
This critiques depersonalization and conformity caused by media.
What is Marshall McLuhan’s famous phrase?
‘The medium is the message’
It suggests that media shape behaviors and individual practices.
What observation did Dominique Wolton make about television?
Television reconstructs social links as a topic of conversation
It serves as a social interaction tool among friends and family.
What contribution did Bernard Manin make regarding mass communication?
Increased importance of political leaders’ personalities and relative neutralization of media
This reflects a shift in how citizens perceive political engagement.
What themes did Marcel Gauchet explore?
Religion in democracy and secularism
He contributed to understanding transformations in contemporary liberal societies.
How are media viewed in terms of manipulation and alienation?
As instruments that consolidate conformity and justify the established order
They are accused of promoting a false understanding of reality.
What does the term ‘Cultural Industries’ refer to?
Transformation of artworks into mass consumer products
This concept was developed by the Frankfurt School.
What is ‘False Consciousness’?
A mistaken perception of reality created by media
It prevents individuals from recognizing social realities.
What does ‘Standardization of Tastes and Behaviors’ imply?
Uniformity in emotional and behavioral responses at a large scale
Media contribute to this standardization.
What is meant by ‘Individualization’ in media context?
Promotion of individual lifestyles and behaviors
Media disseminate norms of happiness and private consumption.
What does ‘Tyranny of Beauty’ refer to?
Imposition of aesthetic norms like thinness and youth
This significantly affects individuals’ physical appearance.
