Oral Viral Infections (4 Parts) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 types of genetic information virus?

A

DNA Virus’
RNA Virus’

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2
Q

what viruses are part of the herpes virus family?

A
  • HSV 1
  • HSV 2
  • Varicella zoster
  • Epstein barr
  • Cytomegalovirus
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3
Q

what are clinical features of HSV1&2?

A
  • gingivo stomatitis
  • herpes labialis
  • keratoconjunctivitis
  • herpetic whitlow
  • bell’s palsy
  • genital herpes
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4
Q

what is the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus?

A
  1. Acute infection (enters cells)
  2. Latency (present but inactive in nerve cells)
  3. Reactivation (viral particles reactivated in times of stress in host)
  4. symptoms (cold sores, viral shedding, epithelial cell death)
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5
Q

what % of population have herpes simplex?

A

> 90%

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6
Q

what is the reservoir of herpes simplex?

A

saliva

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7
Q

IF lab diagnosis is needed, what would you do?

A

Vesicle/ulcer fluid - swab & molecular sample for PCR

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8
Q

Prevention & treatment of viral tx?

A
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9
Q

clinical features of varicella zoster virus for FIRST TIME INFECTION?

A

Features: Chickenpox (first time infection)

  • incubation period = 10-21 days

Complications:
- pneumonia
- secondary bacterial infections

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10
Q

Clinical features of varicella zoster virus for repeated infection?

A

Shingles (Zoster)

Signs & Symptoms:
- vesicles appear in the skin
- red rash
- affected area very painful

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11
Q

pathogenesis of varicella - zoster virus?

A

Primary Infection:
infection with varicella zoster virus

Latency:
Sensory ganglion (trigeminal)

Recurrent infection:
reactivation of latent virus from sensory ganglion

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12
Q

what do the words mean:

  • varicella?
  • Zoster?
A

Chicken pox = varicella
(first time infection)

Shingles = zoster
(reactivation of virus)

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13
Q

what is the treatment for shingles?

A

diagnosis and treating early reduces severity & duration of pain

Antiviral therapy;
aciclovir.

Refer pts with herpes zoster to specialist or GMP

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14
Q

how can you prevent zoster for elderly patients?

A

Vaccine, people above 70+ can get it, effective

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15
Q

clinical features of hand foot & mouth disease?

A

symptoms = fever, runny nose, sneezing, cough

skin rash, mouth blisters, body & muscle aches

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16
Q

what causes hand food & mouth disease?

A

Enterovirus

17
Q

epidemiology of hand, food & mouth disease?

A
  • common in children under 5

(anyone can get infected however)
(outbreaks in nurseries & schools)

18
Q

signs & symptoms of measles

A

Prerash phase: fever, runny nose, cough

Koplik spots: small white spots inside mucous membranes (like in mouth)

Rash phase: starts on face then spreads down body

19
Q

clinical features of mumps?

A

headache/fever

swelling of parotid glands (uni or bilateral)

20
Q

Pathogenesis of mumps?

A
  • RNA virus
  • direct contact with saliva or aerosol
  • highly transmissable
21
Q

how does aciclovir work?

A

Stopping the virus from making copies of its DNA.

It gets activated inside infected cells, interrupts the DNA-building process, and prevents the virus from multiplying.