Oral Viral Infections (4 Parts)

Question 1

what are the 2 types of genetic information virus?

Answer 1

DNA Virus’
RNA Virus’

Question 2

what viruses are part of the herpes virus family?

Answer 2

• HSV 1
• HSV 2
• Varicella zoster
• Epstein barr
• Cytomegalovirus

Question 3

what are clinical features of HSV1&2?

Answer 3

• gingivo stomatitis
• herpes labialis
• keratoconjunctivitis
• herpetic whitlow
• bell’s palsy
• genital herpes

Question 4

what is the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus?

Answer 4

1. Acute infection (enters cells)
2. Latency (present but inactive in nerve cells)
3. Reactivation (viral particles reactivated in times of stress in host)
4. symptoms (cold sores, viral shedding, epithelial cell death)

Question 5

what % of population have herpes simplex?

Answer 5

> 90%

Question 6

what is the reservoir of herpes simplex?

Answer 6

saliva

Question 7

IF lab diagnosis is needed, what would you do?

Answer 7

Vesicle/ulcer fluid - swab & molecular sample for PCR

Question 8

Prevention & treatment of viral tx?

Answer 8

Question 9

clinical features of varicella zoster virus for FIRST TIME INFECTION?

Answer 9

Features: Chickenpox (first time infection)

• incubation period = 10-21 days

Complications:
- pneumonia
- secondary bacterial infections

Question 10

Clinical features of varicella zoster virus for repeated infection?

Answer 10

Shingles (Zoster)

Signs & Symptoms:
- vesicles appear in the skin
- red rash
- affected area very painful

Question 11

pathogenesis of varicella - zoster virus?

Answer 11

Primary Infection:
infection with varicella zoster virus

Latency:
Sensory ganglion (trigeminal)

Recurrent infection:
reactivation of latent virus from sensory ganglion

Question 12

what do the words mean:

• varicella?
• Zoster?

Answer 12

Chicken pox = varicella
(first time infection)

Shingles = zoster
(reactivation of virus)

Question 13

what is the treatment for shingles?

Answer 13

diagnosis and treating early reduces severity & duration of pain

Antiviral therapy;
aciclovir.

Refer pts with herpes zoster to specialist or GMP

Question 14

how can you prevent zoster for elderly patients?

Answer 14

Vaccine, people above 70+ can get it, effective

Question 15

clinical features of hand foot & mouth disease?

Answer 15

symptoms = fever, runny nose, sneezing, cough

skin rash, mouth blisters, body & muscle aches

Question 16

what causes hand food & mouth disease?

Answer 16

Enterovirus

Question 17

epidemiology of hand, food & mouth disease?

Answer 17

• common in children under 5

(anyone can get infected however)
(outbreaks in nurseries & schools)

Question 18

signs & symptoms of measles

Answer 18

Prerash phase: fever, runny nose, cough

Koplik spots: small white spots inside mucous membranes (like in mouth)

Rash phase: starts on face then spreads down body

Question 19

clinical features of mumps?

Answer 19

headache/fever

swelling of parotid glands (uni or bilateral)

Question 20

Pathogenesis of mumps?

Answer 20

• RNA virus
• direct contact with saliva or aerosol
• highly transmissable

Question 21

how does aciclovir work?

Answer 21

Stopping the virus from making copies of its DNA.

It gets activated inside infected cells, interrupts the DNA-building process, and prevents the virus from multiplying.