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BDS4- Oral Medicine > oral viral infections > Flashcards

oral viral infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of viruses

A

Small size

Simple chemical composition

No intracellular organelles

Genetic info as DNA or RNA

obligate intracellular parasite

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2
Q

What are the stages of viral replication DNA virus

A
  1. binding
  2. Entry
  3. Release and nuclear transport
  4. Nuclear entry
  5. Gene expresssion
  6. DNA replication
  7. Packaging
  8. Egress
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3
Q

What is the symbol for provisional diagnosis

A

2 triangles next to each other

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4
Q

What is the symbol for diagnosis

A

1 triangle

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5
Q

What is required for a viral swab

A

Use of a flocked swab

Palced in molecular sample solution

After the immersion the swab is removed

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6
Q

What must you fill out in a virology request form

A

Pt details & clinician details (inc phone no.)

Clinical details & diagnosis

Date of onset

Patient DOB or CHI number

Specify test wanted

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7
Q

What human herpes virus infections are there

A

Herpes simplex type 1

Herpes simplex type 2

Varicella zoster

Epstein Barr

Cytomegalovirus

HHV-6

HHV-7

HHV-8 (Kaposi’s Sarcoma Associated virus)

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8
Q

What are common features of human herpes virus

A

Initial primar infection then a period of latency and then a recurrent infection

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9
Q

What are clinical fatures of herpes simplex types 1&2

A

Gingivo stomatitis

Herpes labialis

Keratoconjuctivitis

Herpetic whitlow

Bell’s palsy

Genital herpes

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10
Q

What is the pathogenesis of herpes simplex

A
  1. Acute infection to periphery epithelial cells
  2. Its taken up by sensory neurons and undergoes retrograde transport to the sensory ganglia where latency is esstablished
  3. Reactivation of the virus and is transported in a anterograde fashion back and infects epithelial cells again
  4. Cold sores form again etc
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11
Q

How would you diagnose HSV 1&2

A

most diagnosis can be made based on history & clinical appearance

in aytipcal cases a Vesicle/ulcer fluid swab &
molecular sample media for PCR

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12
Q

What is the prevention and treatment of HSV 1&2

A

Chemoprophylaxis
-ACV to prevent recurrent infection in difficult cases
(200mg x5 daily ACV)

Antiviral therapy
-topical therapy with ACV
(aciclovir cream 5%)
-IV therapy for severe & immunosuppressed

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13
Q

What are clinical features of Varicella (chickenpox)

A

Red dots innit

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14
Q

What complications can arrise from Varicella (chickenpox)

A

Secondary bacterial infections

Pneumonia

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15
Q

What are clinical features of Zoster (shingles)

A

Vesicles appear in dermatome, representing cranial or spinal ganglia where the virus has been dormant.

The affected area may be intensely painful with associated paraesthesia

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16
Q

What complications can arrise from Zoster (shingles)

A

Post herpetic neuralgia

Secondary bacterial infections

Ophthalmic zoster

Ramsay Hunt syndrome

17
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Varicella

A

Same as HSV with primary infection from varicella zoster virus (chicken pox)

18
Q

How to diagnose Varicella

A

most diagnosis can be made based on history & clinical appearance

in aytipcal cases a Vesicle/ulcer fluid swab &
molecular sample media for PCR

19
Q

What is the treatment for varicella zoster

A

Important to diagnosis and treat early because
Early treatment reduces severity & duration of pain & complications Pain may mimic toothache

Antiviral therapy
-Aciclovir: 800mg Oral x5 daily for 7 days

20
Q

What are the clinical features of enterovirus infection (hand, foot & mouth)

A

Fever, runny nose, sneezing, cough,
With skin rash, mouth blisters, and body and muscle aches

21
Q

What are clinical features of measles

A

2-3 days, Tiny white spots in mouth (kopliks spots)

3-5 days, Rash on face that spreads down

7-14 days, High fever cough runny nose conjunctivitis

22
Q

What is the pathogenesis of measles

A

An RNA virus spread through airborne transmission
or direct contact with infected respiratory secretions

23
Q

What is aciclovir

A

An acyclic purine nucleoside

24
Q

How does aciclovir work

A
  1. Viral enzymes, thymidine kinase which has a high affinity for aciclovir, add a phosphate group to acyclovir
  2. Human enzymes add 2 more phosphate groups producing aciclovir triphosphate
  3. During viral DNA replication acyclovir is added to the growing strand halting further elongation of DNA molecule and stops viral replication
25
Q

How does aciclovir triphosphate work

A

better substrate for viral than for host cell DNA polymerase and hereby causes preferential termination of viral DNA synthesis

26
Q

Does aciclovir affect the latency stage

A

no

BDS4- Oral Medicine (7 decks)

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