Oral Viral Infections Flashcards

Question

pathogenesis of varicella zoster

Answer 1

Primary infection: infection with varicella zoster virus Latency: sensory ganglion (Trigeminal) Recurrent infection: Reactivation of latent virus from sensory ganglion

Answer 2

v common - 90%

Answer 3

contact with varicella and zoster highly infectious, esp resp secretions (48hrs pre-symptoms), vesicle fluid is infections direct contact, droplet or airborne spread

Answer 4

latent virus in sensory ganglion low rate of transmission from vesicle fluid

Answer 5

not expected to have involvement in management of chicken pox Chickenpox vaccine not part of the routine childhood vaccination schedule. Currently only offered on the NHS to people who are in close contact with someone who's particularly vulnerable to chickenpox or its complications

Answer 6

Important to diagnosis and treat early because ; * Early treatment reduces severity & duration of pain & complications * Pain may mimic toothache Antiviral therapy * Aciclovir: 800mg Oral x5 daily for 7 days Refer all patients with herpes zoster to a specialist or their general medical practitioner.

Answer 7

Vaccine: Protection from Zoster * Zostavax Live attenuated virus Schedule: All people aged 70 + years

Answer 8

hand, foot and mouth disease

Answer 9

Fever, runny nose, sneezing, cough With skin rash, mouth blisters and body/muscle aches (last longer on skin, oral mucosa thinner so join together to form sore ulcers) | hand, foot and mouth disease

Answer 10

nose and throat secretions fluid from blisters or scabs faeces infectivity esp in 1st week

Answer 11

Common in children under 5 years old, but anyone can get infected. Very contagious. Outbreaks in nurseries & schools

Answer 12

No specific medical treatment for hand, foot, and mouth disease. Relieve symptoms and prevent dehydration Role of hand hygiene important in limiting spread

Answer 13

14 days after exposure * High fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis 2-3days later * Tiny white spots inside mouth (Koplik spots) 3-5 days later * Rash begins on the face and spreads downwards

Answer 14

Pneumonia Diarrhoea Hearing loss Brain swelling Death | 3/10 people will develop

Answer 15

Pneumonia Diarrhoea Hearing loss Brain swelling Death | 3/10 people will develop

Answer 16

RNA virus spreads through airborne transmission or direct contact with infected respiratory secretions * Virus can live on surfaces for 2 hours * 1 person can infect 18 others

Answer 17

No specific tx Vaccine preventable

Answer 18

IP = 12 to 24 days (can get asymptomatic carriage) Symptoms= headache and fever, swelling of the parotid glands (uni or bilateral) Other organs can be affected; pancreatitis, neuritis, arthritis, mastitis, nephritis, thyroiditis, ovaries (oophoritis), swelling of the testes (orchitis), and pericarditis

Answer 19

Paramyxovirus family - RNA Transmission is by direct contact with saliva/fomites or aerosol Highly transmissible

Answer 20

Oral swab for RNA detection UKHSA (England) offer diagnosis from oral fluid samples for oral fluid IgM antibody tests or PCR

Answer 21

Treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms. Routine vaccination can prevent the infection UK children measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccine as part of the routine childhood immunisation schedule

Answer 22

Oral HPV infections were 88% lower among young adults who received at least one HPV vaccine dose HPV-16 risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | papilloma virus

Answer 23

Usually a self-limited disease Symptoms begin 5 to 21 days after exposure Rash 1 to 5 days post fever. * Blistering rash or skin lesions, on the face and genital area. Clinical diagnosis of monkeypox can be difficult, * May be confused with herpes simplex virus, chickenpox or syphilis.

Answer 24

An enveloped DNA virus A viral zoonotic disease primarily in tropical rainforest areas of central/west Africa. Transmitted through close contact with an infected person or animal, or with material contaminated with the virus. Zoonotic sources include rope squirrels, tree squirrels, Gambian pouched rats, dormice, & non-human primates

Answer 25

PCR for viral DNA from swabs

Answer 26

Vaccine = Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) * Attenuated (weakened) strain of the vaccinia virus. * Does not contain smallpox virus and cannot spread or cause smallpox. Highest risk transmission routes are direct contact, droplet or fomite. * Transmission seen so far in this outbreak is consistent with close direct contact Minimum PPE for staff working with possible or probably cases inc fluid repellent surgical facemasks (FRSM), gowns, gloves and eye protection

Answer 27

acyclic purine nucleoside Looks like Deoxyguanine (DOG) * Tricks the replicating virus to incorporate the defective molecule into its growing DNA chain, so blocks the synthesis of the growing DNA (inhibits DNA polymerase)

Answer 28

acyclic purine nucleoside Looks like Deoxyguanine (DOG) * Tricks the replicating virus to incorporate the defective molecule into its growing DNA chain, so blocks the synthesis of the growing DNA (inhibits DNA polymerase)

Answer 29

Viral enzyme =thymidine kinase Viral thymidine kinase = higher affinity for acyclovir Active only in infected cells (selective action of acyclovir) Acyclovir triphosphate = better substrate for viral than for host cell DNA polymerase and thereby causes preferential termination of viral DNA synthesis | SDCEP for guidance on doses

Answer 30

From dental perspective used for managing Herpes simples (cold sores) and Zoster (shingles) infections * Latency stage of the viral infection is not affected Resistance to acyclovir can occur due to mutations in viral thymidine kinase SDCEP for doses used topically or systemically, orally, or intravenously.