Oral Ulcers Flashcards
Whats ulcer
An ulcer is a break in the continuity of the epithelium, exposing the connective tissue to the oral environment.
Ulcers may have sharp well-defined borders or ragged margins, but all are covered by a grey-yellow fibrin slough.
Classify Truamatic ulcers
Physical Trauma: Caused by mechanical injury such as biting, sharp teeth, dental braces, or poorly fitting dentures.
Chemical Trauma: Resulting from exposure to chemicals, such as aspirin burn or ingestion of corrosive substances.
Thermal Trauma: Caused by hot food or liquids.
Classify Infectious Ulcers
Viral Infections: Herpes simplex virus (primary herpetic gingivostomatitis and recurrent herpes simplex labialis), varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox and shingles), and coxsackievirus (hand, foot, and mouth disease).
Bacterial Infections: Syphilis, tuberculosis, and bacterial infections secondary to immunosuppression.
Fungal Infections: Candidiasis (especially in immunocompromised patients) and histoplasmosis
Name Immune Mediated ulcers
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS): Minor, major, and herpetiform ulcers with unknown etiology but thought to involve an immune component.
Autoimmune Diseases: Systemic lupus erythematosus, Behçet’s disease, pemphigus vulgaris, and bullous pemphigoid.
Allergic Reactions: Contact hypersensitivity to dental materials, foods, or medications.
Classify Neoplastic ulcers?
Benign Neoplasms: Papillomas and fibromas can ulcerate.
Malignant Neoplasms: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, lymphomas, and metastatic cancers to the oral cavity.
What are the ulcers related to systemic diseases?
Gastrointestinal Diseases: Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and celiac disease.
Hematologic Disorders: Anemia (iron, folate, vitamin B12 deficiency), neutropenia, and leukemias.
Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins and minerals (e.g., iron, vitamin B12, folate, zinc).
Drugs induced ulcers are due to?
Direct Toxicity: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy to the head and neck area.
Medication Side Effects: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), bisphosphonates, and certain antibiotics.
Classify Ulcers ?
Truamatic, Chemical, Thermal, Immune related, Due to Systemic disease,Nutritional Deficiency,Idiopathic, Eosinophilic`
Eosinophilic ulcers are also called?? and define Eosinophillic ulcer?
Truamatic Granuloma,
Eosinophilic ulcers, are a relatively rare characterized by the presence of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa…
What are the causes of eosinophilic ulcers?
The exact cause of eosinophilic oral ulcers is not well understood,
Trauma to the oral mucosa
Allergic reactions
Certain foods or medications
Underlying systemic conditions
Symptoms Of Eosinophillic oral ulcers?
Single or multiple ulcers
Often painful
Can be located on any part of the oral mucosa, including the lips, tongue, and buccal mucosa
The ulcers may have a raised, rolled edge and a yellow or grey floor
They may persist for weeks to months if untreated
How to diagnose Eosinophilic Oral Ulcer?
Diagnosis typically involves a thorough clinical examination and a detailed medical history. A biopsy of the lesion is often required to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions, such as infectious ulcers, malignancy, or other types of inflammatory lesions. Histologically, eosinophilic ulcers are characterized by a dense infiltrate of eosinophils, along with other inflammatory cells.
Whats the treatment of eosinophilic oral ulcers?
Treatment of eosinophilic oral ulcers often involves:
Addressing any identified triggers or underlying conditions
Topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
Intra lesional corticosteroids for more severe cases
Systemic corticosteroids may be considered in cases where topical or intra lesional treatment is ineffective
Good oral hygiene and avoiding trauma to the oral mucosa
3 types of R.A.S?
Minor Aphthous Ulcer
Major Aphthous Ulcer
Herpetiform Ulcer
