Oral Surgery Flashcards
How would you go about diagnosing a problem?
History
Examination
Special investigation
What is the purpose of the pre op assessment?
To diagnose
To assess fitness for treatment
To screen for asymptomatic disease
What major body systems should you assess for problems?
CVS, RS, GIT, UGT, CNS, muskoskeletal, haematological
What is meant by ‘sensitivity’ of special tests?
The ability of clinical test to identify patients with a particular abnormality.
Regarding test sensitivity, what is a true positive result?
Patient with problem & test detects it
Regarding test sensitivity, what is a false positive?
Patient without a problem but the test detects it.
Regarding test sensitivity, what is a false negative?
Patient with the problem and test doesn’t detect it
What is the objective of surgical treatment?
Restoration of form and function
Relief of symptoms
Prevention of reoccurrence
What are the different imaging techniques used to aid diagnosis?
Radiographs, CT, ultrasound, MRI, radio isotope imaging, direct visualisation (e.g. colonoscopy, bronchoscopy)
What are the two different types of tissue sampling?
Biopsy
Cytology - sputum, urine, smears/brushings, FNA (fine needle aspiration)
What blood tests can be done to aid diagnosis?
FBC, coagulation, biochemistry (bilirubin, beta HCG), blood cultures, tumour markers
What urine tests can be done to aid diagnosis?
Haematuria
Microscopy
Culture & sensitivity
How would you assess cardiovascular function?
ECG, ECHO, thallium scintigraphy scans
How would you assess respiratory function?
Lung function tests
What is a drug kardex?
Medication administration record
What is the purpose of post operative care?
To ensure recovery of the patient, optimal healing and to prevent further complications.
Immediate - ward - home
What should you aim to optimise during post op care?
Oxygen delivery to tissues Acid base equilibrium Fluid balance Energy requirements for healing Rehabilitation
What is involved in immediate post operative care?
Monitoring - airway & respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, pulse, blood pressure, urine output, temperature, blood loss (drains)
What are the alternative options for intaking food & fluids?
Enteral - nasogastric feeding, PEG
Parenteral - intravenous
What is an antiemetic?
A drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea
What is an analgesic?
A drug that relieves pain
What are common operation complications?
DVT, acute retention, gastric erosion/ulceration, diabetes, antibiotic related, pressure sores, keloid/hypertrophy
What are methods of preventing post op complications?
Antibiotics DVT Phrophylaxis Mobilise patient - physiotherapy Monitor wounds Rehabilitate - hospital or home
What are the different types of anaesthetic?
Local
Regional - e.g. spinal
General
Sedation
What is meant by bed requirements?
Out patient
Day case
In patient - high dependency, intensive care
What are the various timing’s for surgery?
Emergency
Urgent
Semi-elective
Elective
What are the factors affecting healing?
Vascular supply Contamination Age Nutrition Pharmacology
